Stories America

Th is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. There is an idea growing in right-wing circles in the US that part of the reason for the divergence between the US and Europe over the war on Iraq and the issue of Islamicist terrorism is that Europe is subject to a gradual takeover by Islam through the mechanism of immigration from Islamic countries. The fact is that commentators who see this are being misled into overestimating the social effect in Europe of Muslim immigrants, and underestimating the long-standing differences between American and European culture. The first illusion is that there are many political battles in various European countries which appear to be between "native" Europeans and Muslim immigrants. In fact, these political issues are argued between left and right within the native political community, with the immigrants themselves as interested but largely powerless bystanders. It could be argued that it makes no difference whether the Islamic side is being advanced by its own effort or by that of native allies, if the effect is the same, but the fact is that the allies (usually on the left) are only able to hold these pro-minority positions and achieve power while the Muslims are not seen as a threat by the majority population. In fact, in Britain at least, the Muslim population as a whole is not seen as any threat at all. Though a significant percentage of the population, they come overwhelmingly from Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, and their culture does not include any recent history of jihad, such as can be found in North Africa and the Middle East. Those Muslims in Britain who have become prominent in the media advocating jihad, such as the infamous Abu Hamza, are of a totally different cultural background and are completely unrepresentative of the Muslim population in the country. That is not to say that there can not be any problems with Muslim immigration in Britain, but it is not of an unprecedented kind. Tensions can rise in areas with very large immigrant populations, but these are triggered the usual political issues - conflict over allocation of government resources, and so on. The Muslim immigrants to Britain are integrating slowly into British culture. Note that the Indians and British have been linked for a hundred and fifty years, and there is a lot of common ground beyond tea and curry. Europeans feel much less threatened by terrorism than Americans, having in many cases lived with it for generations. While the World Trade Centre attacks caused a larger scale of death than Europe has experienced from terrorists (but not from WWII), the sequels have been much nearer the scope that Europeans have come to accept. Also, extremist Islam is not a new or unfamiliar enemy to Europeans. France has been fighting for half a century; Britain fought a 50,000 strong jihadi army under Muhammad Ahmand at Omdurman. The battle was of course extremely one-sided, but the only thing making the handling of the enemy more difficult today is the necessity to limit civilian casualties. Carpet-bombing Fallujah from the air would be the equivalent in force ratios to Kitchener's Maxim guns in the Sudan. The recent murder of Theo Van Gogh in the Netherlands by Islamist extremists illustrates one further point. In the days following, more than 20 Mosques or Muslim schools have been burnt down. For a European country, the prospect of a civil war against radicalised Muslim immigrants is something to be feared, but there is no need to fear losing one. At the end of the day, like any other immigrant group, Muslims in Europe live on the sufferance of the majority population. The Muslims would trigger genocidal violence against themselves long before they could become a serious threat to the host populations. This is little comfort from a humanitarian viewpoint, but it exposes talk of "Eurabia" as so much hyperbole. Another factor which has tended to mislead American observers is, I suspect, that during the period of the cold war they tended to underestimate the differences between Europeans and Americans. Confronted for the first time with these differences in the context of the war on Iraq, they are falsely attributing long-standing attitues to Islamic influence. One longstanding European position is secularism. While the trappings of Christianity survived past the middle of the twentieth century, the Northern European countries have not been Christian for a hundred years, or in the case at least of France, for two hundred. Another of these attitudes is anti-Americanism. I believe that this is pervasive across the European elite, at least at an emotional level. This emotional attitude can be suppressed for political reasons, and largely was during the cold war, but if one considers the substantial minority of Europeans who saw the USA as more of a threat than the USSR through the 60s and 70s, it is hardly surprising if a larger group is more afraid of the vastly more powerful USA of the 21st century than of the likes of Saddam Hussein. Nor is this fear of the USA as irrational as some Americans might think. Western Europe has not been in conflict with the USA since the end of the Second World War, but that was a result of Europe's acceptance of American dominance in the face of the threat of the USSR. With that threat removed, many Europeans wish actively to prevent a single-superpower world. The rhetoric is about providing a balance or counterweight to American power, as in some quotes from an article in The Observer: "The implications of a unipolar world are bad for everyone concerned. If America stands aloof from global problems, it is accused of isolationism. If it intervenes, it is accused of imperialism. Either way, it becomes a target of resentment and violence. For the rest it means frustration and impotence. Complaining won't do any good. The rest of us have to raise our game and provide America with partners they can't ignore. For Britain, that means building a more united Europe with a more coherent foreign policy and a strong single currency. It's either that or another American century." - David Clark, former special adviser to Robin Cook at the Foreign Office. "If one country must be so dominant militarily, then it is probably better that it is the United States rather than another country. However, history suggests that such dominance leads to abuse and it is encumbent on the rest of the world to find ways of restraining the United States through international law, countervailing power and dialogue. The European Union, which has achieved parity with the United States in trade and investment, has a major responsibility in this endeavour. Plans for a European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) therefore need to be accelerated and EU governments need to commit adequate resource to it". -Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs These people are not commentators or pundits, they are policy makers. Implicit in phrases like "find ways of restraining the United States through ... countervailing power" is the option of at least credibly threatening the USA with military conflict. This is one of the major driving forces behind enlarging and strengthening the EU. If European politicians are already thinking in terms of fighting against the USA, then they are not going to be in any hurry to oppose the wave of Islamism which is currently the USA's most active enemy. Just as France supported North American rebels against the British Empire in the 1770s, and Britan and France supported the Confederacy against the Union in the 1860s, these Europeans are likely to be sympathetic to any minor power that is likely to weaken the USA. I am attempting to characterise a political view that is widespread across Europe. In Britain, it is known as the "Post-War Consensus" — essentially the mainstream political othordoxy prior to the Thatcher revolution. It is a significant minority view in Britain, but is still the dominant ideology across much of the Continent, notably France, and, equally importantly, in the institutions of the European Union. The key elements of this ideology are a highly regulated economy, protected industry, the welfare state, and international institutions such as the EU and the UN. Since 1980, some compromises have been made on the economic front, towards liberalisation of trade and deregulation of markets, but they have been strongly resisted and there is still a huge constituency for reversing them. It can be described as a left-wing but it was shared by the mainstream right until the 1980s, and is in a sense conservative — seeking to return to the status quo of the 1960s and 70s. If you ask a member of this group whether there is a "clash of civilisations", he will probably tell you that there is. But the threat to civilisation he sees is not militant Islam, it is Hollywood, and deregulated markets, and globalised world trade. It is not the crescent moon that is overwhelming Old Europe — they're coping with that fairly well — it is the Stars and Stripes that is the banner of the enemy. That is the real problem, as far as many Europeans are concerned, with the War on Terror. There are ways of dealing with a terrorist threat at home, other than attacking its sources abroad. These ways may be more effective or less effective, but that is not the issue. The invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, whatever their effect on Islamist terror, demonstrate that there is one military superpower in the world, that can act alone even beyond its traditional "sphere of influence". This is more of a shock to them than a few airliners flying into skyscrapers. Even to moderate British, who would not align themselves with this Post-War Consensus view, there is still a tradeoff: damaging terrorism is good, but it has to be set against making the USA more powerful and confident. It must be amusing to the anti-American thinkers in France or Germany when American critics paint them as weak or effete allies, when in fact the reason they are not joining the fight alongside the USA is that their sympathies lie with the other side. Updates: Thanks for your comments. Please look also at the follow-up post looking at Europe's chances of actually attaining superpower status. Professor Reynolds also linked to Transatlantic Intelligencer, by John Rosenthal. I'm concentrating on Britain, and he's looking at US-European relations with the emphasis on France and Germany. As I would expect, he finds no evidence of "Islamisation" but a very high degree of ingrained TEN'A TEXTS AND TALES FROM PUBLICATIONS of the American Ethnological Society Edited by FRANZ BOAS VOLUME VI TEN'A TEXTS AND TALES FROM ANVIK, ALASKA BY JOHN W. CHAPMAN With Vocabulary by PUNY Earle Goddard E. J. BRILL, Limited PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS LEYDEN, 1914 G. E. STECHERT & Co., New PRINTED BY E. J. CONTENTS. Page Introduction i I. English Versions 8 1. The Creation 8 First Account 8 Second Account lo Third Account ii 2. Origin of the Feast for the Dead 12 3. No'unne'gu 19 4. The Sun and the Moon. . / 21 5. Raven Tales 22 (a) How Raven brought Light 22 {b) How Raven made Deloi Gts 26 {c) Gi-ye-gu-trtc (Devil's Den) 26 (d) How Raven's Eyes became White 27 (e) How Raven stole the Rich Man's Daughter 28 (/) How Raven stole the Old Woman's Bear-Meat .... 32 (^) How Raven enticed a Man away from his Home ... 35 (h) How Raven got a Good Meal 40 (/) Raven and his Eye 41 (J) Raven kills a Giant with a Stone Axe 41 6. Tdjtt'xwulltk ; or, The Injured Wife's Revenge 42 7. Story of a Young' Man who was purified from Sin .... 50 •8. A Young Man in Search of a Wife 59 9. Wolverene 61 10. Wolverene and her Brothers 62 11. The Young Man and the Dog-Sisters . .' 64 12. The Trt'gfidthltu'xan and the Two Bears 73 13. "You smell of my Wife," a Girl's Adventure in a Family of Bears 77 14. Young-Man Wolf and Old-Man Gull 78 15. The Hunter and the Bear-Man 83 16. The KLnocked-down Mouse 86 [V] VI Page 17. The Chiefs Son and the Ghoul 86 18. A Sentimental Journey 92 19. Fj^hing for Husbands 94 2^/^he Woman who frightened her Baby 96 {yi\. Origin of Languages 96 22. Spiders 96 23. Children and Giantess 96 24. How the Boys escaped 98 25. Little-Hawk 98 26. How the Fox became Red 99 27. The Old Woman has Spring-Fever 99 28. The Little Girls and the Mink 100 29. The Raven Woman 100 30. The Fish-Hawks \ loi 31. The Old Woman and the Singing Fish 102 32. The Grand-Daughter and the Beads 103 33. The Adventures of a Mouse 105 II. Texts 106 4. The Sun and the Moon 106 5. Raven Tales 109 {a) How Raven brought Light 109 {d) How Raven's Eyes became White 115 {g) How Raven enticed a Man away from his Home . . 118 6. Tdjtt'xwuUtk; or, The Injured Wife's Revenge 123 7. Story of a Young Man who was purified from Sin ... 136 8. A Young Man in Search of a Wiife 157 9. Wolverene i6o 10. Wolverene and her Brothers 162 11. The Young Man and the Dog-Sisters 166 12. The Trt'gftdYhltii'xun and the Two Bears 187 24. How the Boys escaped 197 25. Little-Hawk 198 26. How the Fox became Red 199 32. The Grand-Daughter and the Beads ........ 202 33. The Adventures of a Mouse 205 Vocabulary, by Pliny Earle Goddard 207 Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. The legends in this collection are from Anvik, Alaska, on the Lower Yukon, and from the immediate vicinity. The dialect in which they are written is spoken at Anvik and at Koserefsky, on the Yukon, and at the villages on the Lower Innoko from Shageluk to Koserefsky. It is also spoken, with very little modification, on the Kusko- kwim River, from a village just below Kolmakof, to the great eastward bend of the Kuskokwim, at a village near the mouth of the Tokatna. In the Innoko villages north of the village marked Shageluk on the Government maps, the dialect changes to an approximation to that in use at Nulato, and is more difficult for a beginner in the Anvik dialect to understand than the dialect in use on the Kuskokwim. The name "Ten'a*^ is here applied to this language, for the reason that it has been used by the Rev. Julius Jette in connection with the Nulato people, in a series of excellent • articles published by the Anthro- pological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, beginning with the year 1907. In the Anvik dialect, the name appears as "Denna,*^ and means man. No attempt is here made to deal with the grammatical structure of the language. The legends must be taken for what they are; i.e., an attempt to furnish a working basis for the study of the dialect, by means of a phonetic representation of these legends, taken down from the lips [i] I — PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google of the narrators. I have had none of the difficulty of which Fr. Jette makes mention, in his collection of the Nulato legends, arising from the unwillingness of the narrator to tell a story by daylight On the contrary, I have found several excellent story-tellers who were perfectly willing to sit down with me and tell their legends, repeating with the utmost patience, phrases which gave rise to any difficulty. There is, however, a certain class of legends which it is difficult to get. The legends have been revised with a view to securing as much grammatical accuracy as possible, as well as a uniform system of orthography ; but an approximation is all that is claimed in respect to either of these things. Even after an acquaintance of nearly twenty-five years, I find it difficult to decide as to the correct spelling of many words in common use. This arises partly, no doubt, from the influence which a mixture of dialects has had upon the language, and partly from contraction and elision. It has resulted in an orthography which is somewhat confused, but not more so than the spoken language. The matter of the grammar is more difficult. I believe that the sense of the legends is given with sufficient accuracy ; but the niceties of Ten'a grammar are far beyond me, and the translations of many idioms and verbal forms must be considered tentative. The system of writing is that of the Smithsonian Institution, as proposed by Major Powell, in his ** Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages.*^ There is, however, this modification. "Superior** n (f) is represented by hn. It is commonly, though not exclu- sively, a terminal sound. There are two sounds closely resembling that represented in Welsh by //. One is sonant, and the other is surd. The sonant is represented by //, and the surd by JiL In other respects, the alphabet con- forms to that of Major Powell. Digitized by Google A few general remarks may help to a better appre- ciation of the character of these legends. Incomplete as the collection is, it represents fairly well the character of the Ten'a traditions of this region, so far as I am able to judge. The people have no history, in the proper sense of the term. The identity of the father is sunk in that of the child, and no account is to be heard among them of deeds of valor performed by their ancestors. No names of famous men appear to have been handed down among them. The small-pox epidemic of 1839, and the appear- ance of the first steamboat on the Yukon, in 1869, furnish dates by which the ages of the older generation may be ascertained. From this it appears that the oldest indi- vidual at Anvik, and probably in any of the villages within a radius of fifty miles from Anvik, is seventy-one years old. This is a woman. Fortunately, her memory is clear, and her mentality above the average. The arrival of the Russians, and subsequently of the Americans, the traditions of one or two famines, and the account of an Eskimo raid or two, comprise nearly all the historical events with which they are acquainted. As to their former condition and manner of life, they always represent themselves as far more numerous in ancient times than at present, and they point to the vestiges of their old villages as evidence of this fact ; but this does not signify much, for they are always moving around, and especially when their places are visited by sickness. It seems probable, however, that their numbers have somewhat diminished since the great epidemic of 1839. They speak of the abundance of game in former times, before the introduction of fire-arms, and of driving the caribou into corrals and catching them with snares or shooting them with the bow and arrow. They also tell Digitized by Google of the use of stone implements, of the use of the fire-stick and other primitive implements. Story-telling seems always to have been one of their chief recreations, and nearly every one has a story or two which he can tell; but, just as elsewhere, there are some who excel in this art. Since the people are so wanting- in the historical sense, it is not to be expected that these stories should contain much that is inspiring or ennobling, or even that the imaginative faculty should be very highly developed ; and yet it is by no means wholly wanting, and while there is hardly anything in them that approaches true pathos, there is occasionally something that sounds like an echo of Homer, or the far-off pipes of Pan : so that it is not wholly without reason that a Ten'a story-teller should say of the Greek Myths that they were "just like Indian stories.'* It has been my effort to gain some adequate idea of the traditions of this branch of the Ten'a as to creation, the Creator, moral good and evil, and the life of the future. From the beginning of my acquaintance with them, in 1887, there were evidences that traditions on these sub- jects existed among them ; and while their ideas on such matters are necessarily crude, my inquiries have tended to convince me that they are not so vague as for a long time I supposed them to be. These subjects are given the first place in the accom- panying collection. From them it would appear that the Creator is distinguished from the Raven, who figures largely in the accounts of the early ages of the world. To take the expression of an old Indian who gave me the best information that I have received on these subjects, " The Creator made all things good^ but the Raven intra- duced cojtfiision^ Moreover, the Raven imitated creative Digitized by Google acts by making images of wood and throwing them in different directions, telling them that they should come to life and do whatever they pleased. In this way, my informant thought, the white race came into being, not having been intended in the original plan of the world. This distinction between the Creator and the Raven is made by other writers who have treated the subject of the legends of northwestern America, but I was not acquainted with this fact until I had reached the same conclusion independently. The same is the case with regard to the imitative act of the Raven in making the images of wood, although I have not seen this stated in precisely the same terms. I have not yet come upon any satisfactory tradition of the origin of the people; but the existence of such a tradition is at least no more improbable than that of their account of the origin of the feast for the dead, which came to light only during the present year, 1 9 1 1 , and which throws light on their belief as to the future state. The second class of legends is taken up with the tales of the Raven, who is commonly called Ybqgftsi^ (your grandfather). His character is treated with scant respect, although the name given him would seem to imply that the people acknowledge some kind of affinity to him. If this is so, they would certainly claim kinship with Falstaff, on the ground that he must have been one of his de- scendants also. The true name of the Raven, ^a'ioxwun, or Tga^oxwiin, never appears in these tales, so far as I have observed. The third class of legends includes the fanciful tales which are more frequently heard. Here are found the nursery legends and tales evidently invented for the enter- tainment of children. For pure vapidity, some of these Digitized by Google are not unworthy to rank with the classic story of Old Mother Dory. The greater part of the legends of this class tell about the personal adventures of some fictitious character, fre- quently a wanderer, like Ulysses, and with no better morals than he had, and without his ambition. A common character in these tales, perhaps the most common of all, is the TrfgudKhltuxun, the one who does not want to get married. This is usually a young woman, but occasionally a man. When a man, however, it seems to be regarded as a departure from the standard, and is the more ludi- crous on that account. This character is always getting into trouble on account of her or his fastidiousness, but always seems to have the story-teller's secret sympathy; and it is not unlikely that the stories of this type some- times reveal the private musings of the one who origi- nated them, and that he may have been willing to regard himself as the hero to whom the fair one finally succumbs. The root meaning of the word Trfgudthltu'xun furnished an interesting if somewhat repulsive nickname for an old woman at Anvik who was a burden to her friends, — A Ulli^ triyfdihl tu'qun the one whom the devils do not WANT. It is not altogether easy to judge of the effect which these stories produce upon the Indian, by the impression which they make upon us. To him they speak of a life with which he has been familiar from infancy. It is the life of the woods and the waters; of the native village with its institutions, of which we know so little ; and of a vast realm of superstitious fancy, of which we know next to nothing. Consequently, during the narration, a series of pictures is presented to his mind which would give point to a tale which to us might seem utterly wanting in interest. At any rate, such as they are, they are ; and. Digitized by Google considering that they furnish the basis of the moral edu- cation of the Indian to no small extent, a Christian man may well ask himself whether the Gospel has nothing more vivifying, nothing more consoling, to offer. I am obliged to Dr. P. E. Goddard for looking over the proof of the Indian manuscript. J. W. Chapman. Anvik, Alaska, May 12, 1911. Digitized by Google I. — ENGLISH VERSIONS. I. The Creation. First Account} There was some one above who made the world. They do not name him, but speak of him as being above. He was upon the world that he made, and did all the various works that men were to do. The natives say nothing of ' The accounts so far received have been meagre, and until recently very in- definite and unsatisfactory; but lately a man of about sixty years of age, living on the Shageluk, gave a clear account of the tradition, which he said he had obtained from his grandfather. He was emphatic on the point that he had not received it from his parents, but from his grandfather, as the tradition which was current before the Russians came. This man's testimony is important for several reasons. He himself is an intel- ligent man, for one of his race, and one whom the Indians themselves greatly respect. His brother is the principal shaman of his village; and the family have always maintained the old traditions, and upheld the system of feasts. This man has lately become an inquirer into Christian doctrine, and is making comparisons between the new and the old religions. His account of the native tradition deserves especial consideration, because it confirms nearly everything which I have heretofore ascer- tained to be generally taught as of ancient tradition. In some particulars which were new to me, as the order of creation of the animals and man, confirmation has since been received from an independent source. As to the differentiation of the Creator and the Raven, confirmation was found, subsequently to the discovery of the tradition, in the work of Mr. Bogoras {^American Anthropologist^ vol. 4, p. 640). On the same page is found something similar to the account of the Raven having thrown the figures of animals in different directions, although in Mr. Bogoras's account this is the act of the Creator. As he says, however, that in some versions this is the act of the Raven, this incident also may be considered to have received full corroboration. An interesting point, which has not been corroborated, is the punishment of certain crimes in the fire, in the life of the future. This of course suggests a foreign origin; but, on the other hand, the punishment of suicides by hanging is abundantly corroborated by the consensus of the testimony of the old people. 1 give the tradition above. [8] Digitized by Google his resting upon the seventh day, as the Christians do. The first of the creatures that he made was a porcupine, the next a white bear, the third was a man, and the fourth a brown bear. After that, he made all other things, and then went up to heaven, and there he remains; and there is no heaven higher than the one where he is. But there was on the earth another man, the Raven, who remained, and changed many things; so that what was originally intended to be good became perverted. He made wooden images, and flung them in different directions, and told them to come to life and do whatever they pleased. Originally men did not die in the same way as they do now, but passed into the spirit state and back again. The Raven changed that by making a trail for the dead people to take, and since then they do not return. When the spirit enters upon this path, it has to camp for four nights before it reaches its destination. At the end of each day, it finds a camp-fire burning. This fire burns perpetually. The path leads to some place near the sources of the Yukon River. There is a story of a young man who went up the river as far as he could go, but was warned by the people there that he should go back; for they told him that if he kept on, he would come to a portage that the souls of the dead took, and that if he were to enter on that portage and hear any sounds, he would never be able to return. So he was afraid to continue, and went back. There is also another story of a young woman who was snatched up, and found herself among the dead ; but she made her escape and returned to her own people. While she was among the dead, she was sustained by the offerings of her friends, who supposed her to be dead ; and it is from that time that the feast for the dead began. At this feast, clothing and food are formally given to some one who represents Digitized by Google lO the dead person, and it is supposed that this turns to the benefit of the one who is gone. In general, the happiness of those who are gone is affected by the con- duct of those related to them, who are still living. If these are generous and kindly, the dead will *be kindly received by those who have gone before. As to the actions of those who are still on the earth influencing their own future existence, the souls of all, both bad and good, start on the same path, but the paths separate. Those who were unkind, and wantons, whether men or women, go to a kind of kashime, where they are tortured perpetually in the fire. Those who have hanged themselves go to a place where they remain suspended in the wind. The good go to a place where they have no more trouble. Second Account} The earth was small at first, and the land gradually increased. There was a small pair of people going about here and there in the grass. They warmed themselves in the grass, and grew with the earth. They slept, and found food placed near them, which they ate. Clothes were provided in the same way, and also berries. At length they met a man, who spoke to them angrily, and asked them why they had taken his food and berries. ''For this you will obey my commands.** The man went away, — they did not know where, — but he re-appeared to them from time to time. His village was across the Slough from Nthlt6'uxaidU^nktu, where he lived with other men, but no women. Going about in his canoe, he heard * This account came from the oldest man in Nthlt^'dxaidlT'Sktu, in 1896. He was the father of Benjamin and Go'iixolo'fhl WItho'. (This is from the Chageluk Slough. It would seem to be a mixture of two legends.) Digitized by Google 1 1 the noise of talking and laughing, which proceeded from many women. He went up quietly and launched his spear, which passed through the parka of one of them. The rest turned into geese and flew away, but he captured this one and took her home. The rest of the men began to get wives in the same way. They gave their children food and clothes as they grew up, taught them different tongues, and sent them away, up and down the river, which they peopled. Third Account} He did not know of the name ''Our Father" being taught before the missionaries came. The children were taught that if they did anything wrong, some one who lives above would see it. Eating out of doors in winter was doing wrong. He believes that when the people get to doing very wrong, God punishes them by taking away their food. Then they return to the right way. He says that there spring up right-minded men who lead the people in the right paths. As to the origin of the world, he says that at first there was nothing but water about here, except the mountains. Living things were made next, and afterwards a man and a woman were made. Food was provided for them. When they did wrong, their food was taken away. As to the belief in the state of the dead, it seems to rest upon a story, which they accept as true, of a woman who was met by a spirit who supposed that she was also dead, and who took her to the abode of the spirits. The spirit is supposed to stop, on the way to its final abode, at different places where flies, mosquitoes, and other insects live. ' From the same village on the Chageluk, 1910. Isaac Fisher's uncle, now the oldest man, gives this account. Digitized by Google 12 Another account of the creation of men says that one who IS above made a string of mud men reaching from the earth to the sky, and animated them. 2. Origin of the Feast for the Dead.^ There was a family living on the Upper Yukon, — a man and his wife and several children. All the children were boys except the youngest, who was a girl. Now, becai^se they had but the one sister, the young men thought a great deal of her, and did everything they could think of to please her. They saw that she had the finest parkas and boots that could be had, and, among other things, they made her a beautiful sled. One spring they all started to the hunting-grounds for the annual hunt. Each of the party had his own sled; and as they went on, the girl fell behind, and her father and brothers got so far ahead that they were out of sight. She hurried on, trying to catch up with them, and occa- sionally looking up to see whether she was overtaking them. As she did this, she became aware of two men standing beside the path. Their forms were vague and shadowy, and she could hardly distinguish them. She was afraid, but they told her to come on ; and since there was no other way for her to do, she went forward and tried to pass them ; but when she came up to them, they seized her, and she lost consciousness, and knew nothing more until she was set down at the door of a house, and the two men were standing on either side of her. They told her to go into the house, and to go to their place at the back of the room. She went in ; but the room was so dark that she could see nothing except that high 1 Parka feast, spirit feast. Digitized by Google 13 up above her head there was a faint ray of light about as large as the eye of a needle. She stood looking at this place for a long time, until she heard the voice of an old woman, saying, ^'Why did they bring this woman here?** The young woman had not been aware that there was any one in the room, and she hung her head. Some one else said, ''Do something to her!" Upon this, she heard the voice of the old woman coughing as she came toward her. She had a wand in her hand; and she led the young woman back to the door, and made passes around her with the wand. When she had done this, the place seemed suddenly to become light, and the girl saw that the room was so full of women that there was no place vacant except the one belonging to the two young men ; and she ran to take refuge in that place, for she was ashamed to think that she had stood so long in the presence of all these people, gazing up at the ceiling. She staid where she was for a long time, until finally the two young men came in. They remained but a short time, and then said that they were going into the kashime. When the time came to make the fire for the evening meal, and they had started the fire, the young woman was hardly able to breathe, because of the stench in the room. [The story-teller said that it was like the odor of a stable, and that perhaps the cows came from that place; for the white people are the shades of the dead, and that is why they are coming so thick.] The only way that she could keep from stifling was to pull her parka up over her face, and breathe underneath it. She looked at the fire, and saw the sticks move together of their own accord as they were consumed; and she wondered at this, and jumped down and ran to the fire and poked it hard. When she did this, the fire leaped up, and some one screamed out, "You are burning me!** Digitized by Google Some one else said, "These women from down the river have no shame about anything/ When she heard this, she looked, and" saw that there was an old man sitting by the fire, with his parka pulled up, warming his back. He was the one who had been burned; and the reason that the sticks moved was, that there were a great many women, whom she could not see, getting brands from the fire. Their forms were so shadowy that she could hardly make them out. A voice asked why she did not let them get the fire, instead of beating it down. After the fire had gone down, and they had put the curtain on, they told her to go outside and look ; and when she went out, she saw the largest city that she had ever seen. It was so large that she could not see from one end of it to the other. There were people walking about everywhere. She had never seen anything like it before. After a while she went in, and then those two men came out of the kashime; and when they entered the house, their mother sent them a bowl of fish, which they offered to share with her; but she could not even look at it without being nauseated, on account of the smell. So they ate without her that night, and every day afterward, because she could not touch the food that they offered her. For a long time she went without food. Every day she walked outside ; but the young women made fun of her, perhaps because they wanted the young men for themselves. She staid there for a long time, until she became thin, and so weak that she could hardly stand up or move. She could hardly breathe, either; and she kept her face in her parka nearly all the time, so as to get breath. When her life was nearly gone, she wanted water more than anything else. She thought that she was about to die. She lifted her face to take one look around, and there, beside her, she saw a bowl of water, clear and Digitized by Google 15 good ; and beside it was a bowl of food such as she used to love, — mashed blueberries mixed with seal-oil, with the best kind of dried whitefish laid on top. She caught up the water and drank it all, and ate some of the food ; and when the young men came in, she asked them if they would not eat with her. They would not look at the fresh food, however, but turned to their own filthy food and ate it. By this means her life was preserved until she was able to move around. At intervals for* half a year or more she found food and water by her side. She did not know where they came from, but in reality they were her parents' offerings made in her. behalf, be- cause they supposed her to be dead. After a while the people with whom she was living told her that they were going to some place where she could not follow them. They said that they would come to a hill where they would have to leave her, for she could not go beyond it. The other women told her this in a jealous mood; the mother of the two young men, how- ever, said that it was true that she would not be able to go over the hill with them, but she would tell her what to do. She was to make as many bags of clothing as she could, such as they used to make up the river, — moose-skin mittens and boots and coats, and such things, — and to keep them concealed from the two young men. So she made I know not how many bags of clothing, and at last the time came for the people to make their annual journey. The whole village started off; but this girl and the two young men and their mother were late in starting, and were left a little behind. They travelled on and on, all the people being ahead of them; and finally they came to the foot of a range of hills, and to a pre- cipice which barred their progress. The rest of the people had gone up this place without any difficulty whatever; Digitized by Google i6 but when the party in the rear came to the precipice, the girl's feet stuck fast to the ground, and she could not move, no matter how hard she tried. So the two young men went on ahead, but the old woman staid behind with the girl. Finally the girl turned as if to go back, and then she found that her feet were loosed; so she could return if she cared to, but she could not go forward. The old woman told her that the two men would come back four times in search of her, but that she would conceal her under the trail, and tramp it down so that they could not find her; and that after they had been back four times to find her, they would give it up; that she was then to take all the bags containing the things that she had made, and go down the river a long way, to a place where she would find a summer camp, with fish-nets and racks; and that she was to remain there until summer, catching fish. Then at the proper time, after the ice had gone, the means of getting down the river would be provided for her. She said that this was all that she could do for her. So she made a hole in the trail, and bade the young woman get into it; and she covered her with snow, and tramped it down, so that there was nothing to show that she was there. Before she concealed her, however, she had told her that if they came back and found her, they would kill her; and then it would be possible for her to go up the hill, as the rest had done, and that they would probably kill her also, for having hidden her. Then the old woman went away ; and after she had gone, she heard the young men coming back in search of her. For four days they kept up the search, and after that the noise ceased; and she came out and went down the river, and found it all as the old woman had said. She remained in the fishing-camp until Digitized by Google 17 spring ; and when the fishing began, she caught fish in abundance; but she could not use them, for they smelled like those that had been offered her before ; but she caught as many as she could, and hung them up on the fish-racks until she had filled the racks with pike and whitefish, and all other kinds that are caught at that season. Then the break-up began ; and one night, after the ice had stopped running, she went to bed, but was awakened by a great noise. She jumped up and ran out to see what had happened. A great log, the biggest that ever was, had grounded in front of the house. She ran in and got an axe, and made her way out on the log, which was covered with branches, and chopped out a hiding-place among the branches, weaving them in and out, so as to conceal herself more perfectly. Then she brought down the bags of clothing and stowed them away in her hiding- place, arid tried to push the log off, but it would not move. Then she remembered that she had not brought her work-bag down with the rest of the things, and she ran up to the house and got it; and when she stepped upon the log again, she found that she could easily push it out into the current. It floated out into the middle of the stream, and I know not how many weeks it went drifting down the river; but at length she came in sight of a village and heard the noise of dancing and singing. She kept herself out of sight; and as she drifted along, she heard some one say, "Why do they not go out to see what is on the log?** Finally two men started out to examine the log. When they came alongside, they were some distance below the village. She peeped out, and told them to say that they had found nothing, and she paid them for this service with some of the clothing that she had stowed away in the bags. So they went ashore and told nobody, while .she kept on down the river; and 2 — PUBL. AMBR. KTHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google i8 so many villages did she pass, that her supply of clothing gave out. The summer passed; and when fall came, she was still floating down the river. When it was nearly time for the ice to form, the log floated ashore on the right-hand side, going down. After that, she walked on down the river, on and on and on. I cannot tell you how many villages she passed. One day she saw some one coming upstream in an old, broken canoe. As he came nearer, -she recognized her father. She called out to him, but he seemed not to hear her. She ran along the bank, calling at the top of her voice, but he paid no attention to her; so she gave it up, and turned back, down the river. It became cold, and the ice commenced running; but she kept on her way. Winter came, still she kept on ; and when the snow became deep, she turned into a bird seldom seen in these parts, and flew down the river, still on her way home. When she came to a house, she would light on the edge of the smoke-hole and sing ; and the people in the house would look up surprised, because they said that the bird named in her song the girl who had been lost the year before. She passed village after village, and at length the time came when the parka feasts are now celebrated. At last she came to her own village, and then she resumed her own form. She saw nobody outside the houses. Every one was either in the house or else in the kashime, and there was a sound of weeping everywhere. She went into her own house, and saw her mother sitting by the fire ; but she paid no attention to her, even when she went to her and sat down in her lap and put her arms around her and kissed her. Yet the old woman stopped crying, and said, ''What is it that makes my lap itch, and my waist and my cheeks?" The girl called again and again to her mother; but, even though she was sitting in her lap, she never heard her. Digitized by Google 19 Then the girl began to look around, and saw some fish- eggs lying in the corner. She took them and rubbed them all over herself; and then her mother saw her, and screamed out and said that it was her own daughter, and did not know what to make of her. Then the daughter told her mother where she had been, and what she had done, and how she had seen her father making his way up the river in a broken canoe. Then her mother told her that her father had died in the fall, and that they had put half a canoe on the grave, and that it was this that he was using. Then she asked for her brothers; and her mother told her that they were all in the kashime, celebrating a parka feast on her account. Then the mother made ready to take her daughter into the kashime. She took with her a great beaver blanket; and when they came to the door of the kashime, she spread it out and covered the girl with it ; and so she got her into the corner of the kashime without the knowledge of the rest that were there. There she remained until they were just ready to give the feast, and then she danced out before them all. pvery one was amazed, and no one knew what to do. Then she went to her place; and her brothers brought her all the parkas and boots that they had intended to give away, and asked her to tell where she had been and all that she had seen : and from that time, the parka feasts have been celebrated. Now, as for that log, it came from underground, or from wherever the dead people are, to this world, where we are. 3. No'Cnne'gO.^ No'unne'gu is a rich man, who has a parka of marten- skins. He lives with several of his brothers at a place A story told in connection with the feast of animals' souls. Digitized by Google 20 on the Yukon some distance above Anvik. He is the youngest of the family. Below Anvik lives a rich man, who has a wife and a daughter. His name is Ka^muxa^isyuk. He has two sons. They live in one of the Ingalik villages. Every year one of the young men of No^unne'gu's family goes down to court Ka^muxa^isyuk's daughter; but her father kills them, with the help of two brown bears that he keeps. Finally it comes No'unne^gu's turn to go down. He is a strong man. Ka^mjixa^isyuk sends him to Siberia to get tfdfhl LAVA-STONES to put into the fire when the kashime is heated, so as to preserve the heat. He takes his baidara and sets out. He gets the stones; but when he starts to return, Ka^muxa^isyuk, who is a powerful shaman, creates a great storm. But No^unne'gu has a charm bound up in his hair at the back of his neck. It is a small, black stone. He takes this out, and throws it toward the shore from which he has come, and a path of smooth water appears, while the waves rage on each side. The shaman thinks that he has finished him ; but he gets back, with the stones. Then the shaman sends him into the woods for a load of fuel. There is a path under the spruces ; but the two brown bears have been set to watch for him, one on each side of the path. He is not afraid of them, but takes one with each hand, by the back of the neck, and gives them a shaking and goes on. He brings back the wood and splits it in front of the door of the kashime, and makes a fire, and heats up the stones that he has brought. The shaman thinks that by sending him into the kashime while the fire is hot, he will cause his death ; but he survives, and the shaman gives in, and lets him have his daughter. He takes her in his canoe and goes off; but on the way he takes off her parka, and ties a string around her neck, and throws her, screaming, into the water, and drags her Digitized by Google 21 until she is dead, in revenge for the death of his brothers. When he reaches her father's fish-net, he fastens her body in it and goes home. The next day her father finds the body in the net, with the rope around the neck, and he understands. 4. The Sun and the Moon. There was once a large village where there lived a family of children, — four boys and their younger sister, making five. Now, the girl did not want to get married. Many strangers wanted her, and came to visit her, as well as the people of her own village ; but she was un- willing to marry. At length the women and men of the village took partners. At that time darkness was over all the earth ; there was no sun or moon there. And there that woman lived, and strangers (came) no (more), and the people of the village took no notice of her. She walks outside, but they never look at her, since others are their wives. So then, one night, some one scratched her head while she slept. "There are no strangers, who is it that is doing this?" she thought: yet she spoke with him. Daily that man who had come in to her began to do the same thing. He became as a husband to her. *Who is it that is doing this?" she thought. "All the village people have their wives, except my brother; he has none, and when there are no strangers, I will tie a feather to his hair; and when they leave the kashime, I will look for whoever has his hair tied," she thought. "Come," said she, "go into the kashime and get some sleep ! I am sleepy too," said she, his hair having been tied (to the feather). So the man went to the kashime; and she lay awake, thinking. Soon it became light, and she went out and stood in the door of their house. Digitized by Google 22 So it came the time when we come out; and then she watched the men as they came out, but there was nothing in their hair. Then her brother leaped out. She looked, and there was the feather. It became dark with her, and her face was suffused with blood-, then she became hot with anger. And when it was day, she brought in her fine parka, the clean one, the best she had. Deer-fat too, and berries, she brought in. Neither did she say anything, though her mother spoke to her; and at the time that she made the fire she bathed herself. Then, dressed in her fine parka and moccasins, she puts ice-cream into this bowl of her brother's, and takes a dressing-knife, and, (reaching down) within (her parka), cuts off her breasts. Then next she puts them upon the ice-cream ; and in (each) she sticks an awl, and takes them into the kashime. When there, she straightens her- self up. There sits her brother at the back of the room, opposite the door. She placed (the bowl) by him. "It was you, then, that did it,'' she said. *I supposed that it was some one else that did this thing. Now, with mankind shall there be sickness," said she. Then she went out; and there yonder she went, and the sun rose; and her brother too put on his parka and his moccasins also, but only one of them, in his hurry, thinking, "It may be that my sister has escaped from me." Then he too went away, and became the moon. 5. Raven Tales. (a) How Raven brought Light, There was a big village, they say, — a big village where there were many people. There, they say, there lived a certain one who did not wish to get married, a Digitized by Google 23 very beautiful woman. Her father, they say, was very wealthy, — he whose daughter it was who did not wish to marry. All the young men of the village tried hard to get her. Some of them brought wood and put it on top of the house (near the smoke-hole). That enemy of Cupid ran out. "What are they getting it for?" says she. She throws it over the bank and goes in again. All the men do the ril-try-to-get-Fm-the-one-that-will-try-to-get act, but it is of no use. Some of them set her father's fish- trap for him, and then they went back and sat down. ** Enough of her!" said those village boys. "We just can't get her," said they. At length they took other women, ugly or not. Men came to see her from other villages, too; but they got nothing but "No." Some went to get deer.^ "No," it was. Then the people of those villages quit her. "Enough!" said they. People from villages everywhere came to see her, north and south, saying, "Let me try!" but "No," it was. Then they gave it up, too. Down in the kashime was a Raven man. Now, he began to think, that Raven, there in the dark. All night long he lay awake, thinking. "I think I had better try, too," thought he. Now, it was dark while they had been doing all these things. So he went out; and he travelled, and he travelled. Dusk or darkness, no sun no moon, only darkness, yet he travelled. When he was tired (of walk- ing), then he would fly; and then again he would change into a man. When his wings hurt him, he would change into a man ; and when his legs hurt him, he would fly. By and by it became light with him, as if dawn were approaching, and at length it was as bright as day. Then, as he flew, he saw a village where there were many people (walking around in the) daylight. Then, near the village, he changed himself into a man, and kept on toward the village. * The local term **decr" has been used throughout for "caribou." Digitized by Google 24 He mingled with the people, but there were so many of them that they were not aware of his presence. Those village people took no notice of him. Now, yonder there was a big kashime, and beside it a large house with a pole raised over it, with a wolverene-skin and a wolf-skin tied to the end, like a flag. Thought the Raven, "Only unmarried women's houses are like that." He went up to it. He stood looking, and a great many people came out, busy about their work, and among them a woman. Such a beautiful woman she was, going for water, dressed in a parka made only of marten-skins, with a wolf ruff, of longer fur than usual. ** There's the princess herself/ thought he. He considered how he should act concerning her. Meanwhile the woman left the house to get the water. In the doorway of that house of theirs hung a mat. Out of sight over the bank went the woman. Thereupon he rushed into the doorway and became a spruce-needle, and fell into the interstices of the mat in the shape of a spruce-needle. So there he is, just so. Soon the woman came to the doorway, bringing the water. With her free hand she carried water in a little wooden pail. She was about to push aside the curtain, when the spruce-needle dropped into the pail. She went back to her place in the house, with it floating around in the water. "I will drink some water," said she; and when she drank, she swallowed the spruce-needle. "Ugh!" said she, "my throat hurts. I swallowed some grass with it." — "Why didn't you look inside?" said her mother. "Does it hurt much?" — "Why, no," she said, "it was only a litde piece of grass." The next day at daybreak she called to her mother, so they say. "Ma," said she, "what's the matter with me? My belly seems to be big." — "What makes it?" said her mother. "Are you sick?" — "Why, no," said she, "but my belly is big." The next Digitized by Google 25 day she called to her mother again. "Ma," said she, so they say. "There is something moving in my belly, like a little fish,** said she. "Come here and feel of my belly!" said she. So she felt of her belly. "My daughter!" said she, "what has happened to you.'^ You are just like we are when we are with child," said she in a fright. "If you have not been with anybody, how did you get this way?" said she. "It is only women with husbands that get this way," said her mother in a fright. "What is going to happen to you?" said she; and when she felt of her belly, the child moved. "That is a child, sure enough," said she. Soon she began to be in pain. Then her mother said to her, "Tm sure you have not been immodest, yet you are in this condition," said she. So then that child was born, and it was a boy. It was just like a little raven. They washed him, and dressed him in a fine parka, and he stared with those big eyes of his. He looked all around him, and behind his grandfather hung something that gives light. His grandfather and his grandmother brought him up. They did not sleep, for filling him up with deer-fat. Yes, and his mother's brothers and sisters took care of him too, that little raven. He crept, and by and by he walked, and then he began to cry incessantly, that child. "What is that bawler saying?" said his grand- father; and his relatives said the same thing. "Perhaps he is in pain," said they. Sometimes he would stretch out his hand imperiously toward the light. "Maybe he's saying that he wants that," said they. "Go ahead and put it by him !" said they. "Just let him see it !" So they took it and gave it to him. He stopped crying right away. By and by he grew bigger, and they gave it to him sometimes, and then put it back again. At length he went out of doors ; and whenever he came in, he cried for that thing, and they gave it to him. Even when he Digitized by Google 26 was grown up, he would cry for it. "Go ahead and put it on my neck!" said he. "Make a string for it. It will be here at my breast," said he. Then they put it around his neck. He wore it on his bosom, and went out with it, and ran back into the woods among the bushes. "I hope they will forget me," thought he. "They never say 'Where is he}' about me." He flew back with that big, shining thing, toward his own village. When he was tired (of walking), he flew ; and when his wings were tired, he walked; and at last he came back to his own village. (d) How Raven made Deloi Gls. The Raven wished to make a mountain where Deloi Gls stands, so high that its top should reach to the sky; but when he piled up the sand, it kept slipping down, and finally he became angry and pulled up a bush, and thrashed the heap that he had made ; and where he struck it, his whip made gullies on the sides. Deloi Gfs is the little hill at Anvik back of the Mission premises. ic) Gi-ye-gU'trU (Devil's Den). The sand-bank a mile up the Anvik River is wonderful ground. It used to be the haunt of monsters of all kinds. They are now underground, and the sand-slides are caused by their movements. Formerly they were dangerous, and seized a couple of boys passing in a canoe. A mastodon skeleton was found at the foot of the large ravine, and there some of these monsters used to go into the hillside. The name is, literally. Devil's Den. Digitized by Google 27 (d) How Rave7is Eyes became White, When the raven was a man, he was paddling along past a mountain, and became hungry. He paddled along, and came to a stake set at the edge of the water, and examined it. There was a fish-net tied to it, and the net was full of fish. So he put them into his canoe, and stowed them at his back and in front of him also. Those in front of him he ate raw, until he was satisfied. **A-ha-ha!'' thinks he, "I am filled. Thanks, I am filled." And he takes his paddle, and is off again. He paddled all day, and again he saw another stake set up. He paddled up to it, and there was another fish-net tied. This one, too, he examined. Surely enough, it was full of fish. Taking these, he put them into his canoe, at his back and in front of him also ; and part of those that were in front of him he ate raw. "A-ha-ha!" thought he, **thanks, I am filled." Then he looked about, and upward also, and saw a house, — a fine house. Outside the house were dried whitefish hanging. So he went into the house. There was no one there. Inside the house also there were dried whitefish. On the side nearest him were some fine, new, squirrel-skin parkas, — women's parkas, — and beautiful mats and work-bags. "Where can she be?" he thought. He went back again, and stood looking out of the doorway. He kept on looking, and saw a path leading up upon the mountain. So there he swaggered along, and went rushing up. He climbed up to the top and looked around. There were many berries there, and beside the path there were birch- bark bowls with berries in them. This way and that he ran, looking for whoever was there. Suddenly he saw a beautiful woman picking berries. He went to her and took her by the shoulder. "Come along," said he, "let Digitized by Google 28 us go to your house!" but she was unwilling. "No/ said she, ^'it is the time for me to be picking berries. By and by I will think about it," said she. But he kept hold ot her shoulder. "Come along!" said he. At length she grew angry. "What a rascal!" said she. "Go along down to my house by yourself!" Angrily the woman said, "Go along down to my house with me, then!" She tied her berries into a pack, and the Raven and the woman also started to carry them away. When they reached the house, the woman said, "Come, untie it and put it down ! I will dance for you," said she. And the woman sang, — "Ikna', ikna', ^'kcaito. Ikna', ikna', ^'kcaito. Akca' tcfigu'n hugu', tlrinu' ya vwuga'n he. m m m! Now, then, it is your turn," she said. "I should like to see you." — "Yes," said he. He jumped up and down. He sang, — "TlYkt'n gaka'hl, tltk, tlYk, tlikim gakajl, Tltkt'n gaka'hl, tltk, tlYk." "Your song is good for nothing," said she. "Shut your eyes ! Ctiq!" said she, and she scampered down between his legs in the form of a squirrel. She went into her house, and the door closed by magic. The Raven climbed up to the roof at the smoke-hole, and looked down. The woman was angry, and threw hot ashes into his eyes with a ladle, and they turned white. {e) How Raven stole the Rich Man s Daughter, (Stephen Morton's Version.) There was a big village where the people lived in mud houses ; and in the village there lived a rich man who Digitized by Google 29 had a big house with a skin tied to a pole on top of the house, because he was a very rich man. He had a wife • and one daughter. In the middle of the village there was a big kashime ; and every evening the men of the village went into the kashime, and their wives brought them fish and meat and ice-cream ; and after they had eaten, their wives took the wooden bowls away and went to their own houses, and the old men and the boys all went to sleep in the kashime. Early in the morning the young boys would go to get wood for the kashime, and afterwards they would have breakfast. Sometimes the rich man would hunt for deer, and would kill plenty of deer with his arrows and bow, and would feed all the people. Now, his daughter was a fine girl, and she did not wish to get married to anybody. And all the young boys liked her, and every one got fire-wood for her, and tried to go into her father's house to visit her; but she did not care for them, and threw all their dry wood over the bank. They all tried for her, but they could not get her. One summer the girls of the village took their canoes and went to get berries, and the rich man's daughter went with them in her canoe. They all stopped at the foot of a mountain, and left their canoes, and went up on the mountain to get berries. When the Raven man heard that the girls had gone to get berries, he took his canoe and went after them, and found their canoes drawn up on the shore, and took them over to the other side of the river. When the girls came down from the mountain, they found that their canoes were gone •, and they said, "Oh, my! our canoes are on the other side of the river: the wind did it." Then they saw the Raven man paddling past them; and they called to him, and said, "Bring our canoes over to us!" But he said, "No, I will take you across in my canoe." So the girls said, "Yes;" and he Digitized by Google 30 took over first one, and then another. Then the rich •man's daughter said, "Take me over!'' but he said, ^'By and by." So after he had taken all the others over, he took the rich man's daughter into his canoe, but he went off down the river with her. And she cried, because she did not like the Raven man. So he went on down the river with her; and she cried all day long, because she did not like him. And he said to her, "Don't cry! I will not hurt you, I am a good man." But she said, "I don't like you : you tell lies all the time." The next day the girl said, "I want to go into the woods for a little while." So the Raven man said, "Yes;" and he tied a long rope to her, because he thought she might run away, and he held the end of it while she went into the woods. Then she untied the rope, and tied it to a tree and ran away. The Raven man called to her, but there was no answer; and he pulled upon the rope, but it did not give; and he pulled it hard, and the tree broke off. Then he ran up into the woods, looking for her; but she was on the way home, and got there first. Afterward he went home too; and his grandmother asked him, "Where have you been.^" and he said, "I have been in the woods." But his grandmother said, "I hear that you took the rich man's daughter off down the river. Don't do that again, because you are not a rich man, to take that girl for your wife." And after that, all the people turned into animals. (Walter's Version.) There was a big village where a great many people lived. And they had only one kashime, and in this village there lived a Raven man. There was a girl, too, who did not want to get married. All the young men wanted her, Digitized by Google 31 but she did not care for any of them. It came summer- time, and all the women went to get berries, and this girl went with them. After they had gone, the Raven got up and put on his little dog-skin parka and boots, and went out of the kashime, and went looking around, and found a canoe laid up. He took it down and looked at it, and found that it was made of fish-skin. He put it in the water and got into it, and found the place where the girls had gone to get berries. He saw their canoes drawn up on the shore, and took them all across the river, and then went off down the river again. In the afternoon he came up again ; and by that time the women were coming back, down the mountain. "Oh, my!" said one of them, *'our canoes are all on the other side of the river. How shall we get across?" Then they saw the Raven coming up the river in his canoe; and they all called out to him, "Oh, my dear grandfather! please, will you bring our canoes over for us?" But the Raven said, "No, I can't do that, because it will be too much work. Til tell you what I will do. I will take you all over, one at a time." So they all said, "Yes," and he took them all over except that beautiful girl. "Come on!" said he, "and I will take you over, too." So she got into his canoe; but, instead of taking her across, he went off down the river with her; and she screamed, because she didn't like him. He went on about twenty days, and one day the girl said that she would like to take a walk on the shore. So the Raven said she might; and he went ashore and took a big dog- ham^ss out of his canoe, and tied a long rope to it, and put it on the girl, and told her to go ahead. So she went up the bank, into the brush, and found a big stump, and took off the dog-harness and put it on the stump, and went off a little way. "Come on!" said the Raven; and the Stump said, "By and by, I am not ready yet." Digitized by Google 32 And after a while the Raven pulled on the rope, and hauled the big Stump out to the bank ; and he became angry and went up on the bank, looking through the brush. Pretty soon he came back, and saw the girl sitting in the canoe; and he said, "Come on, come and get me!** But the girl said, "I don't like you." And the Raven said, "If you won't take me, give me my arrows and my bow.** But she broke them in pieces, and threw them into the water, and paddled away home. Then the Raven began to cry, because he had no canoe to go home in ; and he made his way home walking on the beach, and reached the village in about twenty days, very ill and sore, and went to his grandmother's house. "Where have you been ?" said his grandmother. "I don't know," said he. He was sick one day and one night, and the next morning he died. His grandmother wailed for him, and all the women wailed, too, and that night all the people made songs. But some of them made bad songs, and the Raven made trouble for them. In the morning, when it grew light, the Raven flew away, and afterward all the men and women flew away, too. (/) How Raven stole the Old Wofuan s Bear-Meat, (Walter's Version.) There was an old woman who lived year in and year out in the same place. In the summer she fished with a net, to get her winter supply of fish \ and in the Avinter she lived in an earth house, and worked at snaring rab- bits and grouse. One day, as she was making a fire, a bear made his way into the house, and she killed him, and afterward she went to bed ; and next morning she got up and skinned the bear, and cut up the body, and Digitized by Google 33 filled her cache with the meat, and buried some of it in the ground. Then she went into the house and cooked the bear's feet for herself. As she finished cooking them, the Raven came in. ** Where did you come from?'' said she. "From somewhere," said the Raven. So she gave him some of the meat; and he said, "Dear grandmother, I want to get some wood for you." The old woman agreed; and the Raven said, "But I am too cold. Lend me your fish- skin parka and boots." So she let him take them, and he went off as if he intended to get some wood; but when he was out of sight, he ate the parka and the boots. Then he came back; and the old woman said, "Where are my parka and the boots?" And the Raven said, "Oh, my dear grandmother ! I forgot, and left them where I was getting wood." And the old woman said, "Well, go back and get them!" And the Raven said, "I don't want to go back for them. Get them yourself, grandmother!" So the old woman started off to get the boots and the parka, but she could not find them ; and while she was gone, the Raven flew up, alighted on her cache, and ate all her bear-meat. Then he went down into the house, and turned everything upside-down, and smeared the place with bear's grease. Pretty soon the old woman came back to the house, and found the Raven playing with the bear's fat. "Where did you get that bear's grease?" said she. "Dear grandmother," said the Raven, "that is what you gave me yesterday evening." Then the old woman killed the Raven, and hung up his skin in the house; and afterward she cried all the time, because she had no food for the winter. Some time after that, she came in one day, and found two women in her house. "Oh, my!" said she, "where did you come from?" — "We have lost our husband," said they, "and we are looking for him." — "I haven't found anybody," said the old woman ; but one of the 3— PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google women began to look around, and she saw the Raven's skin; and they both set upon her to kill her, but she turned out to be the stronger, and killed them both. (Another Version.) There was once an old woman. She lived in a little house. One day she heard a great noise at her door. It was a big beast trying to get in. The old woman got her hammer and awl, and she struck the beast and killed it. Then she brought it into the house and cooked it, and there was plenty of meat and fat on it. She put it all into her cache, except the entrails; and she was cooking these, when she heard some one coming. It was the Raven, and the old woman told him to come in. They ate the entrails, and afterward the old woman told the Raven to get some wood for her. She gave him a pair of fish-skin mittens and a fish-skin parka and fish-skin boots. As he was going out, he ate one of the mittens ; and while he was in the woods, he ate the other, as well as the boots and the parka. Then he got some wood and came back to the house. The wood was wet, and the old woman threw it all out again ; and at that the Raven came in, and she asked him where all the clothing was that she had lent him. He said that it had been very hot, and that he had left the things on a tree and had forgotten all about them. She told him to go and get them, and he refused. Then she went into the woods to get them herself, and the Raven stole all the fat that she had put into her cache, and fouled the floor of the cache with his excrement. When the old woman came back, he had made a ball of the fat, and was playing with it. The old woman asked him where he got the fat; and he said, "You gave it to me this morning." Digitized by Google 35 She was angry, and said, **I did not give you that this morning." Then she went to look at her cache, and saw what he had done, and that the fat was gone. This made her angry, and she got her hammer and awl. When she went in, she told the Raven that she was going to cut his hair, but she hid the hammer and awl under her parka -, and when she came up as if to cut his hair, she drove the awl into his head with a blow of the hammer, and killed him. Then she pounded him to a pulp with her hammer, and put him into a bowl, and put him into a hole in the ice, and went into her house again. As she sat in her house, she heard a noise at the door. There were three women, and they had three little babies on their backs. They came in, and asked where the Raven was. She said, "I don't know where he went." But they did not believe her, and they began to fight with her, and dragged her down to the hole in the ice and fought with her there; but she forced one of them into the water, and then another, and then the other, and then she went back to her house. {£■) How Raven enticed a Man away from his Home, (First Version.) The Raven was paddling along. He had no food, and was not expecting to see anybody. So all summer long he kept on his way up the river. Now he paddled through some bubbles, but he did not look at them or think anything about them. But as he paddled along, he saw a large one between himself and the shore; and as he was passing it, he looked at it. He examined it, and it was fat. So he took it and smelled of it, and began to think about it. "What can this be?" thought he. "Sup- pose I eat it!" So he ate some of it. It seemed sweet Digitized by Google 36 to him. He smeared his parka with the rest of it, and his canoe also, and went on. By and by he saw a house up on the bank. Below the place, ideer-bones had been thrown over the bank. Below the bones there was a great quantity of fat. "This is where it came from, then,'* thought he. He got out at the place. There he saw only one house, but a great many caches. There were also many deer-bones ^ lying outside the house. So he went in. There was a woman there, alone. She stared at him.. Then she said, "I didn't suppose there was anybody else around here;** and the Raven said, "I, too, thought that there might be no one here." Then she offered him meat ; but the Raven said, **! don't care for meat, I get tired of it: fish is the only thing that I care for." She gave him some fish, and he ate it. Soon her husband returned. "Cousin," said he, "I didn't suppose there was any one in this neighborhood." — "Neither did I think that there was any one here," said the Raven. Then said the man, "Won't you stop with us?" — "No," said the Raven, "for I have a wife, and children too. Come with me to my village to-morrow," said he. "I believe that there are more skins at my village than there are at your village," said he. "Part of them shall be yours." The man did not care to go, but the Raven urged him. "Come," said he, "come, hurry up! Come along with me!" So at length they started out. As the man was going along in the lead, the Raven pulled out his knife and thrust it into the ground. So they kept on, going back from the river. As they were going along in the back country, the Raven cried out, "I have forgotten my knife!" And he said to the man, "Cousin, go and get it for me. I will give you a marten and an otter and a beaver for your trouble, if you will." — "No," said he, "get it yourself!" — "All * The local term "deer" has been used throughout for "caribou." Digitized by Google 37 right," said he, "I will go and get it, and you keep on till you get to my village ; and when you get there, have a good feed/ So the Raven went back; and when he was out of sight, he took to his wings. "K'gak!" said he. Then he flew to the village and gorged himself with everything that was in sight. The man went on for four days. As he went along in the day-time, he saw nothing whatever, and he was hungry. Then he thought, **! wonder if it is true! I believe that Raven was lying." Meanwhile his strength was gone, and he wanted water, so he went back. A great many days he crept along, exhausted. Finally he dragged himself to a spot above his house, and lay down and slept. He awoke, and looked at the place. There was nothing, — no food or meat. He went to the door of his house. Some one was crying inside. He went in. His wife had on an old, ragged parka, and there were two children with her. *So, then!" said he. "So, then, did you have any children while I lived with you? The Raven is to blame for this!" And he killed her and the Raven too. Then he went out. "Better that I should go somewhere," he thought. "Soon I shall be dead and gone," said he. So he went into the mountains. He had no food, and saw no deer. At length his strength gave out. Then he crawled to the side of a river and went to sleep. He awoke and listened. Below him some one was coming, and he called out. Whoever it was, was eating. "What's making that noise?" said they. "It sounds like a hawk. Let's leave some food for it!" So they put out some food, and went on, up the river. Again the man went to sleep. He awoke; and near him there was plenty of food, and fat also. He gathered it up thankfully, and ate it, having turned into a hawk. Digitized by Google 38 (Simon's Mother's Version.) A man and his wife lived together in a house in the woods. The man was a great hunter of deer. He filled his cache with the skins, and he and his wife lived entirely upon the meat. Every year the man would go off hunting, and come back with great loads of meat and skins. Once, after he had returned from hunting, as he was sitting in the house with his wife, they heard some one coming, and brushing the snow off his boots at the door. Presently the mat which hung in the doorway was pushed aside ; and in came the Raven, stamping his feet, and congratu- lating himself upon having reached shelter. The hunter looked up and greeted him. "Well, friend, so you have come?" said he. "Yes," said the Raven, "and I am glad enough to get to a place to pass the night, for I am all tired out." The woman gave him a bowl of deer-meat, saying, "This is the only thing we have to eat. Will you have some?" The Raven took it, but he did not seem to relish it very much ; and finally he said, " We have so much of this to eat at our village, that I do not care very much about it. Do you have to go far for your deer?" The hunter told him that in former years the deer used to be plenty, but that lately he had been obliged to go a long way to find them. Upon this, the visitor proposed that he should go with him to his village, where they were so thick that one could get them by going just a short distance from the house. At first the man objected; but finally he consented, and they started out together. When they had gone a long way, and had come into a country that was unknown to the hunter, one day, as they were nearing the place where they were Digitized by Google 39 to make camp, the Raven suddenly exclaimed, "There! I left my knife at the last place where we made a fire. I must go back and get it. You go on and make camp, and I will come back and follow your tracks and find you." So they separated, and the hunter went on •, but the Raven had no sooner got out of his sight than he lifted up his face and called for snow. Then there came a great storm, which covered up the trail, and the hunter was left alone in a country that was unknown to him. He waited for the Raven, but he did not return. Then he began to wander around, trying to find some landmark by which he could locate himself; but, although he spent the whole winter in this manner, he only became more confused as to his whereabouts. So he wandered around until the ice began to melt in the spring. Then he came to a stream, which he followed up until it led him to a gorge, heading up towards the mountains. As he went up this gorge, he began to make a song, weeping over his misfortunes, and crying, "The Raven, he is a liar!'' As he went along, he found that the backs of his hands were changing, and becoming scaly, and that they were becoming feathered also. Beside this, the tears running down his cheeks made furrows, which took on a stain, and at last he found himself turning into a hawk. Sitting on a crag and wheeling in the air above the stream, he heard the sound of voices, and soon saw a party of men coming in canoes. They passed him, and went on up the river without noticing him. Afterwards he heard the voices of another party. This was led by an old man, who called out to those following him that he saw a hawk, and told them to throw out some scraps of food for it. He also found that they had left food on the rocks as they passed along. When the first party returned from their hunt, they had nothing in their canoes; but when Digitized by Google 40 the 'other party returned, their canoes were loaded down, so that they had to put poles across them to transport the meat. {h) How Raven got a Good Meal. (Told by Stephen Morton.) Raven was travelling on a long journey, and he became very hungry. After a while he saw a big fish under the ice, and he made a fire and caught the fish. He put the scales aside; and after he had finished eating, he smeared them all over his parka, to make it look as though he had been doing nothing but catch fish. He went on, and after a long time he came to a big village. He went up into the kashime, and found it full of men. The old men were telling the younger ones to make the fire for the daily bath. So they made the fire; and after the bath, they asked the Raven for the news. He told them how his house stood alone, and how good the fishing was; and when they looked at his parka, they thought that he was telling them the truth. "Come," said he, "men, women, and children, everybody shall go with me to-morrow, and I will give you all the fish that you can carry away.** So the next morning they all started out together; but when they had gone some distance, the Raven said, "Sakes alive! I have left my knife in the village!" So the men said to him that he had better go back and get it. "All right," said he, "but you go ahead; and if you get to my house before I catch up with you, go into my cache, and help yourselves to the best fish that there are there." So he left them ; and when they were out of sight, he flew back to the village, and went into the caches and ate up all the fish and meat that were there. Then Digitized by Google 41 he went into the houses and ate up all the parkas and bed-clothing, and everything else that he found. When the people found that they had been fooled, they came back, and found everything gone. The Raven was flying over the village, and the young men tried to shoot him with their arrows, but no one was able to hit him. There was a poor boy, however, who told his grandmother that he would like to try. So his grandmother made him a little bow and arrow, and he killed the Raven ; but all the people in the village died of hunger. (z) Raven and his Eye, A Raven was paddling along in his canoe at the edge of the river, and he thought to himself, "I must get some fish-trap sticks !" So he went to the shore, and got out on the beach. Then he took out one of his eyes and put it on top of his canoe, and said to it, ''If you see any one coming, you must call me, and I will come to you.'* Then he went up into the woods to find some fish-trap sticks, and began to cut them, when he heard his eye calling him. He ran out of the woods ; and when he came to the place where he had left his eye, it was gone. He could not find it anywhere, so he ran back to the woods. (/') Raven kills a Giant with a Stone Axe. (Told by Walter.) There was a big village, full of people, with only one kashime. A Raven man lived there, too. Every winter the people hunted for deer, and every summer they fished for salmon, for a winter supply. Now, every winter one man disappeared from the village, and at last there was nobody left but women. Then the Chief said to the Raven, Digitized by Google 42 ''Well, Raven, can you find out what has become of all the people?'' And the Raven said, *'I think that is too hard for me." But afterwards he went off for seven days, and he came to a great earth house. He went in, and saw a giant. "Halloo!" said the giant. "Halloo!" said the Raven. "Well, Raven," said the giant, "will you stay with me?" — "Yes, sir!" said the Raven. So he went out of the house again, and looked around and saw a big cache. He went up on the cache and went inside, and saw plenty of dead men. Then he went down again and went into the house, and said to the giant, "I went up into your cache and saw plenty of dead men. How did you kill all those people in your cache?" And the giant became angry with the Raven, and caught up a big stone axe to kill him; but he did not kill him, and the Raven took the big stone axe and cut off his neck, and ran out, and the house was full of blood. So he went back home with the big stone axe, and went into the kashime and said to the chief, "Tell all the women to come in ; I want to tell them what I have seen." So the women came in, and the Raven went out and got the big stone axe, and put it down in the kashime, and said, "A big giant killed all the men of this place with this stone axe, and every one of them is dead." (The story- teller closed with the English words, "And after, every Women get cry.") 6. Tdjo^xwullIk ; or, The Injured Wife's Revenge.^ (Told by Simon's Mother.) There was once a little village, they say, where there lived a man and his wife. The man was a great hunter. ' This story is well known on the Yukon. Mr. Nelson has it among his Eskimo legends. It was told to me by Simon's mother, who had it from her grandmother, who was a native of Piamute, the most northerly of the Eskimo villages on the Yukon. Digitized by Google 43 Two small boys were all the children they had. They lived at the mouth of a river, where it emptied upon the sea. So, then, the husband was a great hunter. In the spring, after the ice had gone out, he would go up the river in his kayak after game. Then he would place logs side by side, and pile his quarry upon it. This was his regular custom. After the fishing-season, also, he used to go there, with the same result-, and outside his house, upon racks, he had piles of deer-skins and beaver-skins — so many did he kill. Now, the boys grew, as their father followed his customary way of life. They became quite large boys, those two. Their father hunted in the sea also, — seals and white whales and sea-lions. One spring he followed his customary plan. Again, after the ice had gone out, he went up the river in his kayak. He was gone a long, long time. Meanwhile his wife became anxious about him. "Where can he he^ thought she. The time of his absence lengthened out. The little boys kept looking for their father day by day. Their mother, also, did not sleep, but sat up night after night, when finally they saw him coming. Then he came ashore. His wife was disposed to be angry.. "What a long time you have been gone!" said she. "The grass has grown, and the leaves have come out, and the mos- quitoes have come, while you have been away. How many deer you used to get!'' said she. "What a long time you have been gone! Is that one kayakful all that you have killed?" — "I couldn't hit anything," said he. "I saw game enough, but I missed them." — "And you used to pile up the deer-skins and the beaver-skins on the racks, too," said she. "I don't know what made me shoot so badly," said he. At length the fish began to run. The salmon-run came, and he worked at his fishing ; but while they were still Digitized by Google 44 running, he began to talk about going up the river. ^ I believe I will go," said he. "No," said she, ''it's too soon. What a hurry you are in!" said she. "Wait, and go after those leaves have turned," said she. "Remember how little game you killed last spring. You might not be back for a long time," said she. At last, although his wife urged him to remain, he went away. "Now, hurry up and get back!" said she, "for we are thinking of you." He went, and again he was missing. By and by the ice formed at the edge of the water, and he came in sight. "Only one kayakful again! What a long time you have been gone!" said she. "You used to get game." Then the man said, "Because, when there was plenty of game near by, up the river, I could get them ; but now that they are far away, I kill but few." Then said his wife, "Why is it that you get so few? There's only one kayakful." So then the frosty weather came. When the days grew short, he fell sick. All winter long he continued to be sick; yet his appetite kept up, sick as he was. It came midwinter, and he grew worse. One day he said to his wife, "Listen! for I am going to die. Then, when I am gone, you must put many fine marten-skins beside me in the kayak, — many of them," said he; "and beaver too, fine ones, and wolf and wolverene, and good deer-fat, and my arrows and bow, and tie a deer-skin over the opening of the kayak, and put poles underneath it (i.e., place it on a scaffold). And now, be good to the boys! Make them fine parkas, and do not be harsh with them ! Treat them well!" said he. So he died. His wife put him into the kayak, among fine skins, and tied on a cover, just as he had told her to do. Then they made a fire, and sat by it day by day, weeping. His wife also cut off her hair and burned it, for grief at the loss of her husband. Digitized by Google 45 By and by spring approached. The wife and the boys still kept on mourning. At length pools of water stood on the surface of the rivers. Flocks of geese came, and the smaller birds witH them. One morning, while the boys were still asleep, the woman went out early, before sunrise, to weep. She weeps; and just here, overhead, a little bird is singing. Still she weeps, and does not hear him. All at once she heard — it was the name of her hus- band. She listened, and looked at him. ** Wretched bird!" she thought, **why does it speak the name of the dead?" She looked, they say, she listened. There ! It speaks ! "Tdj6^xwulhk up the river is married : he has a wife, — he, Tdjb^xwulhk, Tdjb^xwullik!" So the woman heard him. "What is it that this bird is saying?" thought she. She got up and untied the string that was around the opening of the kayak. ^'I will find out what the bird says," she thought. She removed the deer-skin. What did she find? There was nothing in the kayak. Where was her husband? The wolf-skins and wolverene-skins and his arrows, that had been with him, were gone. She was angry, because she thought it was true that he had been dead. ** That's why the bird said it," she thought. ** Since yesterday it has said it; but while I kept crying, I did not listen. Too truly it spoke," she thought. She went up into her cache. There were many skins of deer and of bear. An enormous brown - bear skin also she found, with light fur. This one she chose, and she wet it with warm water. Hurriedly she wet it all day long, and stretched it. At length it became larger. While she was wetting it, she brought in water for the boys. Meanwhile she continued to wet it. She would wet it, and then put it back in its place wet. At length she had filled the pails and the birch-bark bowls Digitized by Google 46 with an abundance of water, and it became dark. Finally, while the boys were asleep, she brought in, from off her cache, meat and fat and king-salmon dried, and piled it up in the house. And then she fitted that bear-skin upon herself, and stretched it out, its claws being attached to it. Then she searched in her work-bag, and found the great teeth of a brown bear. And she put these on, also; the teeth she put into her mouth. And she became a great brown bear, like that one, and rushed furiously up the ravine. She tore up spruces by the roots. In her rage, she broke down the trees also. She came down the ravine and returned to the outside of the house. She took off the skin, and laid it down. The teeth also she put with it. She had not slept when the boys awoke. Neither had she eaten anything, for her anger. Then she brought in to those boys a forked birch stick that had been cut. That birch stick she carried into the house. Then said she, "Listen! I am going away. Do not wish for me," said she. **I will come soon. Now eat the food and drink the water that I have brought in for you. Do not go to get water, for you will fall in; nor go up into the cache, for you will fall down. If any great beast comes in where you are, hold the stick tightly against his breast," said she. Do not be afraid of him. I will come to you," said she. Then she went up the ravine, and went along a mountain that formed the bank of the river. She rushed along in her wrath, going in her might, as the ice moves with the crashing of the trees. Another great mountain she climbed. She went up over a place where there were flat stones; and she thought, "I will put these stones at the sides of my chest, and on my breast and forehead." While she was going on, some one overhead, on a spruce, began to laugh. *Why," said some one, "you have made Digitized by Google 47 a great mistake. You are very ridiculous. Take off the stones! they are of no use. Why," said he, "in time to come it will be a thing for people to laugh about." So she took them off. Then said the Raven, ** There! That's it! Now you look all right. Now go ahead!" Then again she went on, hurrying, for she was thinking of the boys. She followed the river-bank. There, below her, she saw a large village, full of people. Toward it she went, and again she took off the skin ; and the tfeeth, too, she removed, and put them under a little spl-uce. Here she found a good path, and she followed it to the village. She came near to the village from behind it. A large village it was, indeed, with a great kashime, and next to the kashime a large house. She went on in this direction, and there she ran in. On each side of the fire two beautiful women had set their pots to cook. They called to her. "Cousin," said they, "you have come in, then ! That is right, stay with us !" One of them said, "Sit down on my side of the room!" So she sat down on the platform. One was cooking deer-meat in a large pot, and the other was cooking beaver-meat in a large pot. "Cousins," she said to them, "your husbands, where have they gone?" for she was thinking, as she looked at all the finery there in the house. Beautiful mats there were, and beds of deer-skin, and marten-skin parkas. Then they said to her, "Why, there is only one man living with us! Last spring, after the ice had gone out, a stranger came to us and took us," said they ; " but when the grass had begun to grow, then he left us; and last winter, at midwinter, he came back, and lives with us. He has gone to get wood," said they. Then they offered her food. "No," said she, "I am not hungry. I ate only just now." — "Come," said they, "stay with us!" — "Yes," said she. "How very little oil Digitized by Google 48 there is on the surface of your pots!** said she to them. "Smile,'' said she to one of them, "and bend over the surface of your pot!" When she did it, an abundance of oil covered the surface. "And you," said she, "squint, and bend over yours!" Then she seized them both by the hair on their foreheads, and pushed their heads down into the big pots until they were dead ; and then she lifted them up, and put them back in their places. She made one of them appear as if she were sewing, and afterward she did the same thing to the other. One was squinting, and the other was smiling. Then she ran out and rushed up the hill. Now came their husband, with logs in tow. He tied them up at the beach, and went up to the house and entered it. The woman who was bending over, squinting, he struck. When he did so, her face sloughed off. The other, who was smiling as she sewed, he struck also, and the skin sloughed off. Thereupon he ran out, crying. "What ails my wives?" said he. "My wife has been with them!" As he goes out, the village is in an uproar. Just now they were walking around quietly outside the houses. • What is the matter? Some are crying, and yonder some are shouting. "There goes a brown bear up on the big mountain!" they yell. Up streams a swarm of villagers, armed with spears and ice-picks and arrows. Up, up, they go. On the mountain the great beast stands looking at them. It is Tdjb'xwulhk who is in the lead. In an instant she catches him. "My wife, I have come to you!" he says, for the woman has pushed the hood from her face; but that is all he says, for she crushes his head between her jaws, and tears him in pieces. And all the men of the village, too, she destroys on the spot, and down upon the village she rushes. She begins at one end of the village, and goes to the other. Caches and Digitized by Google 49 houses, she destroys them all, and the children and the women, and then she leaves. She left, and went toward her own village, for she was thinking of the boys. She went into her house; and the older of the two boys cried out, ^'UUi^yu!'* in terror, and began to scream. Meanwhile his younger brother, the little man, caught up the stick that their mother had given them, and set it quickly against that bear's breast. There he held it firmly. At that, she pulled back her hood. "My children," said she, "well done! Stay where you are!" said she. Then she went out. Outside, near the house, she took off the skin, and removed the teeth also, and put them under a log and went in. Then she took the two boys on her knees, caressing them fondly. "Ah," said she, "you have done well. While I was far from you, I was thinking about you." There, then, they remained all that summer. The leaves turned, and still they staid on. The cold weather came; and then she said to her children, "Let us go now to the place where our house is to be !" The younger of the two children she loved exceedingly. "As you have done," said she, "so will men do in years to come. While the older brothers are fearful, the younger brothers will be brave." They dressed themselves in brown-bear skins, for it had grown cold. Their mother, also, put on the skin that she had worn; and they went up the ravine to the place where their house was to be. On either side of the place stood a large spruce. On the farther one the mother exercised herself, and on this side the children; and when they had finished thus sharpening their claws, they dug out a place for the house. They completed it; and then she said to her children, "From this time on, men shall see but little of us." So, then, my story is ended. 4— PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI Digitized by Google 50 7- Story of a Young Man who was purified from Sin.^ (Told by Blind Andrew^ There was once, they say, a large village where there lived two young chiefs. There they lived, they say, in a large village. Always, they say, they hunted game. And, they say, these two young men had not yet taken wives. So there, they say, they lived. And they say one of the two used always to go to sleep first. Afterward the other one would go to bed. Thus, they say, they always did. And they say that when it began to grow light up at the curtain, he who was the last to go to sleep, taking his arrows, would go back upon the mountains and shoot deer. He skinned them also. (After one of these excur- sions) he came into the kashime. His partner, they say, was not there. He waited some little time, and the other came in where he was. And they say, said he, the last one who had come in, — and they say, said he, "Well!** he said, they say. "Cousin!" he said, they say, "so then you have come back, have you?** he said, they say. "Yes," he said, "I am back here. Come, let us make the fire!" said he. So they split some wood and took off the curtain and made the fire. Afterward they covered up (the smoke-hole). Then the bowls were brought in also. After they had finished with the bowls, they remained seated. At the back of the room, in the middle, where they were accustomed to sit, they remained, while the men of the village went out to their own houses. So of all the young men, only they two did not go out, but always remained in that place. Then the one who used to go to sleep first, that one went to sleep again ; and • This story is from the Kuskokwim River. Such stories, according to the narrator, are told in camp, and bring success in hunting. Digitized by Google 51 the one who yesterday was the last to go to sleep again sat up. That one who was the last to go to bed shines at night, they say. Yes, they say, he always does so, because he tries to govern his temper ; while the other one does not shine. So then his partner went to sleep ; and a long time afterward he too went to sleep, but only for a little while. And he watched for it to grow light up (at the smoke-hole), and by the time that it was growing light he was dressing. And then again he returned to that mountain and ascended it again. It is the same mountain whither he always went since the time when he was a boy. So he looked around. Lo ! they say, where he had been accustomed to get deer, there were none to be seen. Meanwhile it grew light. He looked in both directions. To the southward there was a great tundra. On the other side, mountains were to be seen. The sun was about to rise; and out on the great tundra, a little to one side of the middle, lo! suddenly he saw a fine house, with the curtain bellying out. Was he not looking just now, and there was nothing there! The young man thought, they say, **! believe I will go to it.** Then he put down his arrows, and his pack also, and went out to the place. So he came there. What a fine house it was! He went and stood in the doorway, and looked around outside. He looked, but there was no cache to be seen. He looked for tracks also, but there were no footprints. He turned it over in his mind. **! wonder,** thought he, "whether there are any people where I am going!** So he went in. Down into the entrance he went, and pushed aside the curtain. Lo! they say, a sudden burst of light. So he went in. There was a very small room. He crossed it. On the other side he turned and looked around. On the opposite Digitized by Google 52 side, toward the front of the house, on the platform, sat a beautiful woman, sewing. Without looking up, she pushed her sewing (into the corner) toward the front of the house, and said, "It is because of my intention that you came here. Though I have been looking all over the world," she said, *I could see no one but you. You only could I see upon this world,** she said. ** Because you were pleasing to me have I showed you my house,** said she. Then the woman went out, and was gone for some time. Finally she came in. What a fine, clean bowl of food it was that she brought in, steaming, from the pot! So he began to eat; and when he had finished, he gave her back the bowl. After she had been gone a while, she came in again, bringing great back-strips of deer-skins. She took them directly over to him, and said, ** These are for you to lie upon.** He took them from her and put them on the platform. She also gave him a marten- skin blanket for his bed. So he lay down, and they went to sleep. The next day also they woke up. So, for two days and two nights he remained in the house, and mean- while he did not even see the outside. Then, as they arose, she went out. She came in, bringing meat, which she gave to him, and he ate. Then he concluded that he would stay another day also. Then, as it grew dark again, the man said, "Am I still to stay here in this house?** — *'Yes,** said she. Then said the man, "What a long time it is that you bid me stay in the house!" — "Yes,** said she, "what is wanting that you can go and get, that you should say that? Why, already you have become part of my life,** said she. So she gave him to eat, and they finished eating and went to bed. Then the young man lay awake, while on the other side of the room the woman was beginning to go to sleep. And the young man thought, "Can it be that I am destined Digitized by Google 53 always to live here in this way? Why," he thought, "did she show her house to me? I believe,'' he thought, ^'that I will go (over) to her." So he arose and left his place, and went out in front of her. Suddenly, they say, he lost consciousness. While he was going out there in front of her, this befell him. He could not tell where he was. Presently, they say, he seemed to himself to wake up; and he sat down again there, in his own place. ''What am I doing here?" he thought. "What is this that she is doing to me? I sup- posed that I was going across to her, but I was asleep." Meanwhile, on the other side of the room the woman was snoring. Again he thought, "I wonder whether it is I that am doing this, (or whether some one else compels me!) I believe I will go over again." So he left his place again, and went over to where her head was. Again he seemed to go to sleep. Here he is as if asleep, they say. Then again he seemed to wake; and there at his place he lay, as he became conscious. "Why," thought he, **! supposed I crossed the room to her head. Sakes alive! what ails me?" Meanwhile, on the other side of the room, the woman was sleeping. **! don't know what to do here," he thought. "I believe V\\ try again." So here he goes to get to the platform beside her head. Thereupon the back end of the room suddenly opened at the middle. At that a great fright seized him. Then from some source of light there was a great illumination. Beside that, from the direction where he turned himself some one laughed. From within, where it is all clean, a woman is laughing at him. Before he could recover himself, the woman said, ''Why, what are you about? That is my mother." Then the man became ashanied. "Come!" she said, and he went to her. Then said the woman, "It is because you pleased my mother that she Digitized by Google 54 showed you our house." She then led him inside and took off his parka and the rest of his clothes, so that he was naked. Then she placed warm water by him, and shaved deer-fat into it. Then she bathed him, and fur- nished him with clothes. She dressed him in fine clothes. After she had dressed him, she said, "Come, sit down! Come/ she said, "let me have your hand!" From where he sat he held out his hand to her. She took it and put it into her mouth, and sucked it until her mouth was full. When her mouth was full, she emptied it into the water in which he had washed himself. Twice she did the same thing. Then she put his feet also into her mouth. At length it was full, and she emptied it into the water in which he had washed himself. Twice she did the same thing. Then she said, "Come, look at this!" So he looked, and saw that the water in the vessel was as black as coal. Then said the woman, "This is the evil that you have done since the time that you began to grow up. Come, see here your sin!" she said. Then the man spoke, and said, "Yes," he said, "that is it. It is a great benefit that you have done me; for that I am deeply thankful to you." And the man threw everything that he had been wearing into the water that he had bathed in. Then she started to take the water out. "Empty it far away," said he. Then she took it a long way off and emptied it, and threw away the bowl with it. Then she came in and gave him food, and he ate. After that he made her his wife. So he remained there, living with her. One day she said to him, "Let me show you this house of mine!" And when he saw it, what a fine house it was! Their house was full of every kind of skin that there is upon this earth below. That was a rich woman indeed. The man said to her, "How did you ever come by this?" The woman said, "I shall not even yet tell Digitized by Google 55 you all about it. In time you will find out." So he continued to live with her there. Neither, while he lived with her, did he go out of doors, or know how his food was cooked. Always the mother, when she goes out, sits close by the house, and brings in what is cooked. Thus they always do. At length the man's wife gave birth to a baby, — a boy, — and they brought him up. In time he began to walk. One day the man said, "Am I always to live here in this fashion?" The woman said, "What are you thinking of? What can you do, that you should say that?" — "What a long time it is that I am keeping to the house!" said he. The woman answered, "Tell me what is wanting, that you can get by working for it." That was what she said to him. So then they continued to live there. It came to be a long time after she had said this to him, when she said, "Come, and I will show you from whence I have such an abundance. Come!" she said, and he went to her. He went to her, and they went to the back of the room, at the middle. Then she caused the ground to open, and said, "Come, look down!" So he stooped and looked down. How many were the animals that he saw as he stooped and looked down ! How many of the animals of the earth ! "Say, then, do you see it well?" she said. "Yes," said he; and she closed it up, and they returned to their places. Then the man thought, "It must be these people's doings, that there were no deer where I used to go to hunt." He thought this; and his wife said to her husband. Why do you think evil within yourself? Ever since the time that you came here," she said, "ever since that time I have been able to see plainly what was going on in your mind." And she said to him, "It is because you were pleasing to us, that we revealed our house to you." Then the man said to her in answer, "I am thinking Digitized by Google 56 about my parents. I wonder somewhat whether they are still living." — "No wonder," said his wife. "It is now four seasons since you came here." — "What!" said he. "What now? I supposed that I had been here only four days." — ** Because you did not know how the year passed outside," said she. ^'This is now almost the end of the fifth year. It is now nearly winter, as it was when you came to us." — "Is that so?" said he. "How could I tell how the time passed, since I never went outside?" — "Do you wish, then, to take a look outside?" said she. "Come, go out!" Then he went out and looked, and, sure enough, the autumn was past. So he went into the house. *I want to go and see how it is with my parents," said he. "Yes," said she, "early to-morrow morning you must go and get material for a sled." So early the next morning he went to get wood to make a sled. He got the wood in a short time, and returned with it to the village, and immediately set at work whittling. That wood that he had brought he whittled out hastily. On the second day he had finished it. The day after he began, his wife said to him, "I should like to go with you." — "Just as you please," said he. So he loaded up the sled and packed it full. Then said the mother of the woman to the man, "Perhaps, now, she would not care for the society of mankind." — "Perhaps not," said the man. "It would be well," she said to them, "that you should spend only four days." — "Yes," said he. Then she spoke thus to the man. "When you get down to the village, that fellow who used to be your partner — beware of him ! When your wife warns you that there is danger, — if she tells you that a certain thing is wrong, — if you should do that concerning which she gives you warning, you would be doing wrong," said she. "Now, I doubt whether your wife will care for the society of mankind," said she, "for Digitized by Google 57 she is not of humankind. Now," said she, "when you two leave here, when you are not far from this house, be sure to look for this house." So they left, and they put that little child of theirs into the sled. So they left. The husband pulled the sled, and his wife pushed. So they left ; and they looked for the house, but it was gone. They made camp on the way down; and on the next day they went on, and the village appeared in sight. The young men of the village shouted, saying, "The one who was lost is bringing some one with him !" So then they arrived at the village, and went up. They went to the house of the man's mother. "My child," they said, and caressed him. His wife also they caressed. The people who lived there were ready to do anything for love of them. The mother made ice-cream and gave it to them. Meanwhile the woman had said to her husband, "I do not feel at home in the society of men." Bedtime came; and the man said, "Lie down here in my mother's house, for my cousin has asked me to sleep with him in the kashime." But his wife was unwilling to let him go. Her husband, however, said that he wished to go to the kashime, and at length she told him to do as he pleased. So he took his bedding and went into the kashime. He lay down by his cousin, head to head, in the middle of the room. Then they fell to talking all night long, telling each other what had taken place. At length the one who lived there said, "Come, go in to my wife yonder, and I also will go in to your wife!" but that one of a good disposition said, "That one with whom I live is not a human being." His partner, however, kept on urging him. Still he said, "I am not willing." Still he urged him ; and at last he said, "Just as you please." So then the one who lived at the village went to the wife of the one who had come. So then he went in to his (partner's) Digitized by Google 58 wife, also. Then the one who went in to the wife of the one who had come, crept into the entrance and down inside the house. There at the back of the room the woman was sleeping. He approached her, and went to the side of the platform. Then he pushed her, and the woman was greatly frightened. As he pushed her again, she vanished. Then he went out and entered his own house. The one who had come to the village also entered the house, and he told him what had happened. There- upon he put on his parka and went out. He went over to his mother's house and entered, looking for his wife; but she was not there. Then he left the house and ran (after her) ; and as it grew light, [whither he goes,] behold, his wife had gone back. There were her tracks. Behold, where she went along back, she had thrown the mucus from her nose ! Plainly, she had been crying as she went back there. Then her husband, too, became sad-, and he too returned to that dwelling. He would have gone in; and as he was going in, he came back into the entrance. And, they say, there his feet stuck. How in the world was he to get free? As he stood there, he began to cry. "Ah ! therefore it was that I warned you,'' said the woman's mother, speaking to him. "Come, stop that and let me in!" said he. "No," said she, and he began to cry again. He cried, they say, until the night was past, and the next day also. At last, they say, his foot was freed. Down into the entrance he went also, and again his foot stuck fast. "Do let me in!" he said; but she said, "I will not let you in. Only on condition that you never again see (the village) down (there) will I let you in," said she. "You shall never see your father and your mother again. Only on this condition will I let you in. Ah! you did very badly by me," she said. "My child is very greatly downcast on your account. I pity you," she said, "there- Digitized by Google 59 fore I will let you in/ Then she let him in, and he went back to where his wife was. She, too, how the tears stream down her face! "What is it that you have come back here for?" said she. ''What about that woman that you went in to ? Do you intend to live with her ?" — "Was it of my own accord that I did it," said he, "that you should say that?" So, then, there he lived with them; and he went no- where else, but began to stay there for good, and the mother concealed the house. And year in and year out the man never went to his mother's to see his relatives. So, then, the story is finished. 8. A Young Man in Search of a Wife. A young man is paddling along. As if expecting to hear something, he turns his head and listens. Hark! Some one is singing. It is a woman singing. "Ya-xa-n- na," she says, they say. Thereupon he disembarks. A woman stands on the beach. She has long hair, which she is washing in the current, and she is singing. He goes quietly up to her and catches her by the waist. "Tm not human, Fm not human!" says the woman. The man shuts his eyes tight (as she struggles). There is nothing but a birch lying in the water, the current flowing among its branches. The man is holding the birch. Angrily he got into his canoe and paddled off. Again he paddled along, and turned his head as though he expected to hear something, and listened. Hark! There is singing again, like another woman. "Another, the same as (the one who sang) just now!" he thinks. "Good enough!" he thinks. "Is it a woman, for sure, that is making this noise?" he thinks. Again he sees some one singing under the bushes. "A-ha-yu-ha-ha," she says, they say. He gets Digitized by Google 6o out of the canoe. What a beautiful woman (he sees), girded with a deer-tooth belt, gathering willow-bark! He grasps her waist. *^Vm not human, Tm not human!'' she says. He let her go. "Seems to me you are human, you make so much noise with your songs,** (said he.) She bounded away in the shape of a rabbit. Angrily he went off in his canoe. Again he listens. There is shouting. In the direction from which it comes he disembarks. Under the bushes he goes. What a crowd of people are here! They are playing ball upon the beach. What fine-looking people, men and women together ! He keeps (out of sight) in the grass, (and) looks at them. "If they throw (push?) a woman upon me,** thinks he, "I will catch her." At length they push one upon him. In a twinkling he catches her. He jumps up. "Tm not human, I'm not human!" says the woman, (as) she struggles. He lets her go. A Canada goose, she runs screaming away. The players became geese (and) flew away. Angrily the man got into his canoe. He went on, and again he listened. He hears a sound of men's voices (and) disembarks. Back toward those who were speaking he went, under the bushes. There is a pond. Here are many men in the water, (and) some one is conjuring, — a big man, a huge old man, a shaman, in an otter-skin parka. "Right here," says he, "it seems that you are now to perish." — "Nevertheless," said they, "notwithstanding what you have told us, let us settle here." Out of the grass bounds that young man. Down to the side of the shaman he bounds. The shaman became an otter. He dove and swam around ; and all the men dove in the form of animals, — mink and musk- rats and divers and loons, — and staid down at the bottom, while the young man became a hawk and flew off". Digitized by Google 6i 9. Wolverene. A married couple lived by themselves, and they had a cache and a house. The husband hunted, both with marten-traps and with arrows. ^'Well," said he one day, "I must go to my marten-traps;" but the woman was unwilling (to let him go). ''No," said she, "why should you? Come," said she, "stay here to-day! Perhaps there will be strangers along." But the man said, "Who can there be to come? There is nobody around. Mine are the only tracks there are." And he went off, dressed for the trail. Meanwhile his wife began to cry while she sat sewing in the house. At noon, outside the house, she heard some one brushing the snow off his boots, and another than her husband came in at the door. Then the woman drew her hair over her face, and put some meat and fat into a bowl and gave it to him. "Won't you have something to eat?" said she. "Why, no," said he, "Tm not hungry. It's you that I came for. Come with me!" But she refused. Then he gave her some beautiful beads, and put them upon her neck, and went away. Then she made a fire and cooked (supper), expecting her husband, thinking that he would be hungry. By and by he came back, and they ate (supper)-, and he put on the curtain, and they went to bed. She undressed; and her husband saw the great (string) of beads, and scolded her angrily. "Who gave them to you," said he, "when there is nobody here?" and he smashed the beads with a big maul, and put them on a snow-shovel, and threw them out at the smoke-hole, and lay down. Then the woman began to cry. "Come," said her husband, "do your crying outside. There's no sleep (to be had here)." So she went out and began to cry outside. Then it was dark with the woman, and she looked for the moon. Digitized by Google 62 There he was, in it. That man was in the moon. He (looked at her and) laughed, there, in the moon. Then he went toward her. He came to her side. ^'What say you?" said he. "Oh," said she, "he smashed the beads." Then the man went up on the house and took the beads again, and they were whole; and he put them upon the woman's neck again. Then he took her, and went with her to the moon. Meanwhile her husband roused up, and went outside. His wife was gone. All around the place he went (looking for her) ; but there were no strange tracks, only his own. Then he began to cry, and burned his parka, hair, and back, and went off as a wolverene. lo. Wolverene and her Brothers.^ (Told by Simon s Mother^ There was once a little village in the mountains where there lived a single family of children, — five boys and their little sister. They did nothing but hunt deer. Fish they knew nothing about, for they were Wolf men. Out- side the house, on poles stretched across the racks, how many deer-skins were to be seen, so many deer did they get ! Neither did they eat anything but deer-meat. Mean- while their younger sister was growing up, and in time she became a large girl, and finally she came to maturity. Then her brothers said to her, "Now, while we are off hunting, do not go out of the house. Only when we are in the house do you go out walking, and get the water also," said they. "Now, Tuitdjyak, while we are away, do not go out," said they; for it was the time of her seclusion. ' The narrator says that this is a coast legend, and that she had it from her grandmother, who was a woman of Piamute. Digitized by Google 63 By and by winter drew near. All winter long they spoke to her in the same way, and she began to think it over. ''Why do my brothers tell me this?'' she thought. "I wonder what will happen to me if I go out, that they say this to me!" thought she. "Every day they tell me this," thought she. At last she thought, "I will go out." Her brothers went out on another trip. As she sat sewing, she put down her work and went out. She went out to the door, and stood there. "So," thought she, "I have come out, and here I am, all right." She went in and sat a while. Then she went back again outside, and listened. And then far away she heard the sound of singing. At that she went down into the house, and thought, "I wonder if this is why my brothers warned me!" and her heart beat fiercely for terror. She went out again and listened. Sure enough, there was singing. There! She heard her own name. "Tiudjyak, go in!" she heard. At that she climbed up into the cache. Bundles of wolverene-skins — many bundles — she caught up, and looked through them, and took the good ones with long fur, and with the white parts very clear. She took them into the house, and wet them with warm water, stretched them, and went out again. When she had gone out, she looked up her brothers' trail and saw five wolves. Sitting there, they sang, "A-yeq-ya, ya-yaq-ya, ho. Teen, Tuitdjyak, it-ka, ho." She ran in, afraid. She put on the wolverene-skin like a parka, and pulled it around herself; and at the throat it was too short. Then she searched through her work-bag, and got a striped piece, and sewed it on ; and again she pulled it around herself, and found that it was large enough. Again she searched in her work-bag, and found some beautiful wolverene's teeth, and put them in her mouth. She took off the wolverene parka and the teeth and ran out. There they. Digitized by Google 64 were, coming, close by. They saw her and sat down, and sang their song, again. She ran in and put on the wolverene parka again, and put the teeth in her mouth. Then she rushed around the room in the shape of a wolverene. Up to the top of the house they went, and ripped it up with their teeth. Meanwhile the woman was running around as a wolverene. The wolverene made a dash among them, and ran along their trail. They looked, then they too went after her there. While she goes bounding along, over here, close after her they follow. Beside the path stood a great spruce. She caught it and scrambled up. They ran around underneath her, but they could only look up. Then she pushed back her little hood. "My brothers," said she, "whenever you kill a deer, won't you please leave the entrails for me?" Then they went off and left her; and the woman came down, and she too went away. 1 1 . The Young Man and the Dog-Sisters. There was a village where there lived , a young man who would not get married. So the girls were all after him, and he kept close to his place at the back of the common room (kashime). Now, there were some girls living in a big house close to the kashime; and there were so many of them, that the house was full. These girls washed their hair and put on their fine parkas, and put food into beautiful bowls, and took it into the kashime to give to the Trt^gudlhltu^un. One of them went ahead, carrying her bowl, and this one went in first. So then she took it and held it out to him, and he snatched it and flung it back at her, and the food flew all over her. The bowl flew up into the air and fell on the ground, and the girl gathered up the Digitized by Google 65 food that had fallen and went out crying. Meanwhile the rest of the girls were waiting in the entrance, holding their bowls. One by one they went in to him, but it did them no good. They did the same thing, and at last he had thrown back the bowls of every one of them. They went out crying, and it ended by their going back to their house. Thought the young man, "It makes my head ache to have them act this way. If I were going to marry them, wouldn't I have married them already?" The men that were in the kashime went out one by one, and at length he was left alone-, and then he left too, and went to his parents' house. He went to see his mother; and when he entered the house, he looked, and there were all the buckets and bowls filled with water. Every- thing was full. It was those girls, who had been bringing water for the young man's mother. They were so anxious to have her give him to them, that they were ready to do anything for her. He spoke to his mother, and asked her for some water. "There is some," said she, "out there on the floor. Help yourself." He went over to get it. "Who brought this?" said he. "Oh, your little cousins over there brought it for me," said she. "What did you ask them to do that for?" said he. "I don't want any of their water. Tell them not to get any more for you." Then he took the water and threw it over the bank, bowls and all. "Where is the water that you brought?" said he. "There it is, over there," said she. "Are you sure that this is what you brought?" said he. "That's what I got to-day with a good deal of trouble," said she. So he drank the water; and she gave him some food, and he ate it. "Don't you think," said his mother — "Say, why don't you — Don't you think it would be a good thing for you to get somebody to help me? You can see that I am getting rather poorly." — 5 — PUBL. AMER. ETON. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google 66 "What are you bothering me for?" said he. "I shall do just as I think best. You make me tired." So he left the house and went into the kashime, and went to bed. In the early morning he woke up and put on his things to go after deer. He killed a deer, and came back and went into his mother's house, and she gave him something to eat; and afterward he went into the kashime again, and sat down in his own place. Over in their own house the girls washed their hair and put on their best clothes, and put some food into bowls and went over to the kashime to see the young man. Then one of them went in, and crossed over and stood in front of him with her bowl ; and he snatched it away and threw it back at her. She put the food back into the bowl, crying. The rest of them did the same thing. Every one of them went in to him. They went out without his having taken the bowl from any of them. **! don't like to have them do as they are doing to me," said he as they went out. In the course of time the summer came around, and it looked as though the salmon-run was about to begin; and the young man took his canoe and went off for fish- trap material. He put off southward, and paddled a day's journey down the river. He kept looking toward the shore. He looked, and there was a big drift-log lying in the edge of the water. It was cracked. He got out and went to it, and cut it off with his stone axe, and began to split it. He halved it and began to split up one of the sides, and then took a rest. Then he hap- pened to look toward the root, and there were two masks hanging on it, — two good-for-nothing-looking little masks. Thought the young fellow, "How did those things come to be there ?" He went to them ; and when he reached them, he put out his hand to take them, when all at once the root vanished. Digitized by Google 67 Then he felt a strong desire to go up the bank, and up he went. And as he was going, lo ! down at his feet he saw a path, and this he followed. Back from the river stood a wretched little house. He went towards it and reached the door. Lo! hanging there on each side of the door were those masks, the same that had been hanging on the root down at the river. There they hung on each side of the door. They were the very same that he had seen down below. "Suppose I go inside," thought he, and he went to go in. He stepped inside, although it was a wretchedly poor house. As he entered, he looked across the room. There was some one scowling at him. He looked across in another direction. There was some one growling at him. Two ragged, dried-up women were there. They were clothed in filthy dog-skins. Their mittens and their boots and their parkas were all made of dog-skin. They wore no fur at all. There was nothing whatever in the house but filth. There was not even clothing. He went to the back of the room and sat down. There was not even a bowl. "What a miserable place I have gotten into!" he thought. Then from the front corners of the room they spoke to him. "What*s he doing over there?" they said. "It was because of our willing it, that you came to us," said they. Now you sha'n't get away from us." Then they took off the curtain from the smoke- hole, and made a fire. After that they put a piece of a pot by the side of the fire and put something into it; and after they had done their cooking, they put on the curtain and began to eat. They put some food on a ladle and tossed it to him. "Eat that!" they said. "I don*t believe I want anything to eat," said he. "Maybe you wouldn't mind eating what is worse than you are yourselves. What kind of food do you eat, then?" said one of them. "Well, my mother did not bring me up Digitized by Google 68 on such stuff as that," said he. Now, the mess of salmon tails and fins that they had cooked was full of filth and dirt ; so he thought, "I might just as well die here." They said nothing more to him, and he sat still where he was. After a while the women made ready for the night. They made all their preparations ; and one of them picked up her bed and took it over and placed it by the side of the other one. ''Come," said they, "come over here by us!" — ^Tm not going over by you," said he. Then all at once they rushed at him and caught him, and threw him down in their place. They tickled him, and he began to scream. When they had finished, he was in pain from the scratching that they had given him ; but he got to sleep. So he slept, and at length he awoke. It had been light for a long time, and the women were gone. He tried to get out of the house, but could not. The doorway leading to the outside was closed up. He tried with all his might to push out, but could not. The hole overhead was closed, too. At last he gave it up and sat down. He looked back into the dark corners of the room, and saw quantities of human bones. ^'This was what my mother warned me about," thought he. **Well, I've done it. I had my own way, and wouldn't listen to advice." There he remained until it began to grow dark, and then from the outside there was a sound as though some one had let fall the butt of a tree. The earth shook, and soon afterward the door opened. You see they had put a big root against the door. The two women came in, and, sure enough, both of them were carrying salmon-tails. They made a fire and boiled the tails, and then they threw him some more of the stuff upon a ladle. ^'Do I eat such stuff as that," said he, "that you treat me so?" — "Is there anything such as you fancy for you to eat?" said they. He sat still without Digitized by Google 69 eating. *ft will be long enough before the one that talks that way gets anything to eat," said they. ^'Did I tell you that I was hungry, that you offered me something to eat?** said he. After a while they got ready for bed ; and, just as they had done the day before, they threw him down in their place, and tickled him again. When they had got through, he was covered with blood. So he woke up the next day, but there was no getting out. Already the door and the window were closed. So he spent the day there. Three days he spent there without anything to eat or drink. There he was all day, when the root that covered the smoke-hole slid aside, and a stunningly pretty woman in a fine marten-skin parka put her face down inside the hole. **Is your breath in you still?" said she. ^'Yes," said he. "I thought perhaps it was all over," said she. **You ate their food, perhaps?" — **No," said he. ^'Well, if you had eaten their food, you would not have been seen on the earth again," said she. "It was because they did not like the idea of giving you up, that they kept you four days; and it is because I do not like the idea of giving you up, that I have told you about it." Then she reached down a little bowl with some water in it. *Here," said she, ** drink this!" Then she took it back, and reached him down a little slice of meat and a little fat. ^'Here," said she, ** refresh yourself with this! Now, when they come back, if they ask you whether you have been talking with anybody, tell them that there is no one but rats in the house to talk with. Tell them like this, too. Tell them that when you and your little sister used to go around the edge of Tl^gdtrftxa^n'no', you used to get ripe dewberries. Now it's time for them to come, and I am going." Then she threw down the big root upon the hole, and turned away and vanished. Digitized by Google 70 He waited there, and by and by the ground shook, and the two came in. There they were, with their salmon- tails. ''It looks as though some one had been talking with you and telling you something," said they. ''Why should I have any talking to do," said he, "that you say that to me? What is there for me to talk about when I am all alone?" — "It looks as though you had been talking, though," said they. "Well, then, you blatherskites, all I said was for you to let me alone." — "Ah!" said they. Then they took off the curtain and made the fire, and put the pot to boil. Afterward they covered up the smoke-hole and began to eat. They tossed him some food on a ladle. "Fm not going to eat," said the young man. By and by he said, "Whenever I used to go around Tl'gdtrdxa'n'no' with my little sister, we used to get ripe dewberries." — "How did he find out what you are talking about?" said they. Those women were angry. They got ready for bed, and they almost killed the young man. His body was all covered with blood. So then he went to sleep. He slept; and when he woke up, they were gone. Now, they say, he was all bones. He arose, but he had no strength. There he staid that day; and by and by there was a jarring-sound overhead, and at the great root that covered the hole a woman put her face down, — the same one who had appeared the day before. "Is your life in you yet?" said she. "Yes," said he. "Well," said she, "when they bring you the dewberries, eat them, and afterwards say this: 'These Tl'gfitrfixa'n^no' berries that I am eating, I wish I could have some more of them to- morrow evening.' They will barely spare you one night, and the next day at evening they will kill you." So then she reached him down the little bowl of water, and a little meat and fat. "That is the way that they always Digitized by Google 71 do," said she. "They always catch men and kill them. Some they spare a couple of days. It was because they did not like to give you up, that they kept you four days. I must go," said she, and she disappeared. There he remained; and when it grew dark, the two women came back. When they came in, each was car- rying a bowl. Again they did their cooking, and after- wards they put on the curtain and began to eat. Then they took the berries over and gave them to him, and he ate them. When he had finished, he gave them back the bowl. "I tell you," said he, "I wish that I could have some of the Tt^gdtrtixa'n'no* whitefish to eat to-morrow evening! If I had, I could get to sleep." It made them angry because he said that, and they jerked their shoulders. So they got ready for bed, and they nearly killed him. He slept and woke up, and they were gone. There he remained that day, and he heard a noise overhead. It was the same woman. "It is a sure thing that they are going to kill you this evening," said she. "I am going to save you, because I am sorry for you. Am I doing it to you for any one else? It is for my own sake that I am doing it to you. Come," said she, "hurry!" At that he climbed up to her, and she took hold of him and pulled him out. Then she took him by the waist and whirled around with him; and he .lost his senses, as if he had fallen asleep. Now he hears something. He hears something, and it seems to him as if he had made a leap and landed some- where. When he could see, the sun was shining. He looked around. What a quantity of meat he saw ! That woman came over to him. There was a pond, with many villages at its end. They came to the woman*s village. There they saw a medium-sized baidara turned upside- down. She undressed and bathed him, and put on him a change of clothing. Digitized by Google 72 Now, at dusk, they say, those two creatures came home. They entered, and looked for him, but he was gone. Then they began to search for him. "You ought to have staid with him,** they said to each other. Each one said that the other should have staid. They began to cry and scream. They did not finish fighting until both were covered with blood, because they wanted the man so badly. One of them started southward, and the other northward, looking for him. They made this agreement. ''You shall sleep twice, and I will also sleep twice; and then, if we find him, we shall meet on the same day.'* Thus they said to each other. So the one who spoke turned to go, and the other one also, and they were gone. It had been agreed at last that it was to be four nights before they were to meet. Then the day arrived when they were to meet; and they stood face to face, and came to themselves. **He is gone,** they said to each other. Again they began to fight and drag each other around by the hair. **Come, let us look for him again!" they said to each other. One said, "I will look for him down in the earth.'* The other said, ''I will look for him up in the sky. Let it be four days again ; and if he is still lost on the fifth day, we will meet again," they said to each other. So one was lost to view in the earth, and the other in the sky. At last the four days were gone that they were to be away; and on the day when they had agreed to meet, they came home. Still they could not find him. So then each (?) one of them went looking for him, back from the river. As one of them was going along, she came to a pond. Right there was a medium-sized baidara turned bottom-up. She broke into a run and set up a scream. **Even though they lived a long way off, they are the ones that we have been hunting for very hard, the ones Digitized by Google 73 we have been looking for," said she. So the two went toward the house. They reached it, and said, *What did you take our husband away from us for?** and they began to fight with the woman. When they had begun to fight, she banged them together. Then they began to fight with each other of their own accord. They came to their senses a little, and there they were fighting together of their own accord ; while the man and woman were laughing instead of fighting, because they were such a funny sight. At last the woman became angry and killed theni, and put them into the fire; and there that couple lived, sum- mer and winter. So, then, at last that is fenced oif. 12. The TRfGODlHLTO'xCN AND THE TwO BeARS. There was once a big village where there lived some one who was unwilling to marry. Now, they used to go to get berries; and once they started oif, and the Trf- gddlhltu'xun went with them in a canoe. At last they came to the path that led to the berry-patch. Now, the Trfgddthltu'xun did not pick berries, for she was very sleepy; and at length she put down her bowl, and lay down under a spruce and went to sleep. After a while, she felt herself crowded, and awoke, and looked, and saw that it was a brown bear. She went to sleep again, and awoke, and got up, and there were two big men there. "You shall be our wife,'* said they; so they took her for their wife. Now, they were always fishing. Day after day they kept at it. "Do not watch us," they said to their wife, and she promised that they would not. So they went out and closed the door, and soon afterward there was a splashing down at the water. At that she made a little opening in the side of the house, and looked ; Digitized by Google 74 and there they were, standing in the water, throwing out fish. Soon they came up into the house. ''Go out now," they said, ''and take a look down there!" So she went down and looked around. There was a great quantity of fish. Then she went into the house. So then a year passed by, and she conceived a child. Poor thing! She bore him with great difficulty. Now, they took good care of him ; and in the morning one of his fathers took the little fellow and went out of the house with him. He walked around with him outside, and cut up some wood; and at evening he brought him in again, and took him out of his parka, and, lo ! he was changed. He sat up and crept about. He grew a little larger. One morning his father placed a big root at the door for him, to exercise with. So then I don't know how many years passed, and the woman conceived another child-, and this one, too, she bore with great difficulty. They cared for him; and one of his fathers took him, and went out with him, and kept him out a day and came in again. Lo, he was changed! He crept around, and they cared for him, and he grew up. Again years passed, I don't know how many, and again she conceived; and this one too, poor thing! she bore with difficulty. Again he took it, and kept it outside a day, and brought it in at evening. He took it out of his parka, and it sat up. So then it grew a little larger. I don't know how many years it was after that, when the woman sat one day with her head bowed down. "Eat something!" said they; but she refused. "What is the matter?" said one of them. "I was just thinking of my parents," said she. So then her husbands said, "We will go to them presently." In the morning they got up and girded themselves, and went to look for material for a sled. During the day Digitized by Google 75 they came back and began to make a big sled. I don't know how many sleeps passed while they were making it. At last they had it done, and the next day they loaded it. Deer-skins and fat, and skins of various kinds, they put into it, until they had packed it full. At the same time they had made a place for the wife to sit. So the day after they were to start. Then they put the woman into the sled, with her little daughter, and covered them up. They placed food beside them, too, and then they started. ^'Do not look at us," they said to her, and she promised not to do so. Then they got into the harness and went off. So here they go. Now, the woman wished to see; so at last she made a little opening, and peeked. Lo, they were changed! Two great bears were pulling the sled. So they went along. "Now," said they, "get out, for the village is near !" So they got out of the sled, and they put on their best clothes and came to the village. "Yeq!" said they, "the Trfgudthltu'xun that was lost is coming back!" So they came into the village, and the Trf gudihltu^xun saw her father and her. mother again. Meanwhile the men had gone down into the kashime; and a fire was made in the kashime, and the bowls were brought in. Then, at evening, the boys went for water, and finally it became bed-time. Then they said to the strangers, "Do you sleep on the other side of the room." So they lay down on the other side. During the night some one awoke, and on the other side of the room there were some great bears. He lay down again ; and when the people woke up in the morning, it was broad daylight. I don't know how many days they staid there, when one morning they made ready to go away. Finally they left, and passed out of sight of the village, and came to their own village. There they lived during the winter, and for a year more. Digitized by Google 76 Then the TrfgAdthltu'xun's older brother came over to them. Back in the grass he went, while those two were down at the river. Meanwhile he kept under the grass. There was no way for him to come out into view, be- cause he was afraid. ''They will kill me," thought he. So he gave a whistle. Thereupon the ones who were down in the river thought, ''There is an up-the-river man come down here." They ran up the bank, and went off to the village up the river in the shape of bears. They had become full of rage. At last that woman's brother went into the house. She said to him, "What made you come from up the river? That means death for the vil- lage people up the river. Come," said she, "go and hide!" So he went out and went up the river. After that, he was going along. He heard a sound, as though some one were coming. He got under the grass, beside the path. There he waited. Afterwards those men came along in the shape of bears. They were running, and they passed him. Their noses and mouths were covered with blood. He hurried on up the river, and went towards the village. It was gone! He hurried on. There among the houses all was in ruins. The path was covered with men's blood. Every one had been killed. He climbed up to his cache, looking for a bear-skin. At length he found one, and brought it down, with the teeth that went with it. He dressed it; and when he had finished it, he put it on. It fitted him. The arms and legs were just right, but the neck was a little too small. He searched for a piece for it, and finally found a scrap and brought it down. It fitted exactly. Then he put on the skin, and went out wearing it. He rushed around the village. Then he went away. He came to the vil- lage-, and there the men were, in the water. He stood looking down upon them, and pushed back the hood. Digitized by Google 77 "Come, now,'* said he, ''kill me also, for you killed all my neighbors!" Then he went up to one of them. They fought together, and at last he killed that one. Then he went to the other. So he killed them both. Then he went up the bank. "Well," said he to his sister, "I have killed them. Don't be sorry!" How long they staid there I don't know. One day he said to his sister, "Your house is to be out there;" and he became a fox, and the woman became a mink, and they went into the mountains and made a house. The end. 13. "You SMELL OF MY WiFE," A GiRL's AdVENTURE IN A Family of Bears. (Told by Julia Longman Cutter.) Once there was a big village, and in it there lived a rich man who had three sisters. The two older sisters had a swing ; and one day, when they were swinging, their younger sister came out and asked them to let her swing, too. At first they refused-, but she begged them, to let her swing, and finally they told her that they would put her in the swing if she would hold on tight. Now, the swing was on a high rock at the edge of the water; and she let go her hold and fell into the water, and her sisters were so frightened that they ran away. They ran for miles and miles; and finally the one who was ahead looked back, but she saw nothing of her sister: so she went on, and by and by she came to a heap of bear*s fur. She searched through it, and found an arrow-head, and put it in her sleeve. Then she went down the hill, and soon she came in sight of a house. She went in, and found a man and two little boys, who gave her some- thing to eat. When it came evening, they went to bed. In the night she was awakened by something sniffing at Digitized by Google 78 her, and she saw that it was a yellow bear. She went to sleep again, however; and when she awoke in the morning, she saw two little bears sleeping together in the room. Then she went to the door, and saw a bear fishing in the stream. She went to sleep again, and by and by the two boys woke her and gave her some fish to eat; and the man looked at her, and said, ^You smell of my wife." The next morning the two boys told her that their father was coming after her to kill her; but they made a hole though the back of the house, so that she could get away, and she escaped. She found, how- ever, that a great bear was following her. She ran very fast, and by and by she came in sight of a village. She screamed, "The bear is coming, the bear is coming!" and the men heard her, and got their arrows and spears and went out and killed the bear, and made a great feast for all the people ; and she found that it was her own village that she had run away from; and there were her older sister and her younger sister. And she said to her older sister, ''Why did you leave me?" and her sister answered, *I came back home again." Now, it seems that the bear had had a wife; and his wife had turned into a bear and had gone up on the hill; and a man who was hunting had seen her and shot her with an arrow, and she had run away and died on the hillside; and the bear had smelled the arrow-head, and that is why he said, *You smell of my wife." 14. Young-Man Wolf and Old-Man Gull. ' (Told by Blind Andrew, of the Kuskokwim.) There was a young man who was not born, but who found himself full grown, lying under a spruce-tree He sat up, and found at his side a bow and arrows. There Digitized by Google 79 were also a fire-stick and a hunting-knife. "How shall I make a living?" thought he. He took up the things that were beside him, and set out to get something to eat. As he went on, he became very hungry, and made a camp, putting spruce-boughs around himself for warmth, and began to think whether he could make a fire with the fire-stick. At last he succeeded in doing this; but still he had no food, and he was hungry. He lay awake all that night, thinking how he should get something to eat. In the morning he took his bow and arrows, and started out to hunt. He climbed a hill; and when he reached the top, he saw that it was a fine place to hunt. He looked around and saw some deer; and, although it was the first time that he had ever seen any, he was not afraid, but went straight down to them, without making any attempt to conceal himself. He did not know how to use the bow and arrows; so when the deer ran, he threw down the bow and ran after them, and finally caught one by the neck, and strangled it, and put it on his shoulders and took it to his camp. On his way back, he picked up his bow and arrows and took them along with him. When he reached camp, he cut off the feet of the deer, and stripped off the skin, as one skins a rabbit. Then he tied a string around the ends of the hind-legs, and pulled them on for trousers, and wiggled himself into the skin. Then he ate some of the flesh to satisfy his hunger; but by and by the sun came up, and his new clothes began to shrink and grow stiff, so that he had hard work to keep the joints soft, so that he could move about. After he had his clothing fixed to his satisfaction, he went off to look for a good place to live, leaving the deer-meat where the camp was made. He went on until he came to a fine river, and ascended it until he found Digitized by Google 8o a place which suited him. Then he made a winter house and a cache, and started in to get his living by hunting. He killed deer and bear by choking them to death. He took the meat and the skins to his house ; and as his old garments wore out, he made himself new ones. He was an industrious hunter, and got abundance of meat and skins. He remained at this place all winter. Toward spring he began to wonder whether there were any other people in the world beside himself; and he made up his mind that he would try to find out, and that he would never stop looking until he found some one. So he started off, walking day after day, and camping when night overtook him. One evening, as it was about time for him to go into camp, he came upon a water- hole, and concluded that at last he had come to a place where he should find human beings. So he hid his pack, and followed the path from the water-hole up the bank, and found that it led to a large house, like a kashime. At first he was afraid; but when he went in, he found no one inside. After he had waited a while, he heard a noise outside, and a little old man came in. This man turned and saw the young man ; and at first he was sur- prised, for this was the first time that a stranger had ever come to his house. "My child!" said he; and then he told the young man that he had come because he had been wishing so earnestly for him. He had known of him, and showed the young man that he knew of all his adventures. Then the young man told the older one that he had come to him weeping, for his great desire for human companionship. The old man told him that he was to stay, and the fire should be made immediately. So the curtain was removed from the smoke-hole, but without the agency of hands; and in the same way wood was brought in, and laid for the fire. The young man Digitized by Google 8i wondered how this should be, but he said nothing. When everything was ready, the old man told the younger one that he was about to take a bath, and asked him to go out for a while; so he went out, and walked around, but found no house where he could go in and sit down. He looked through the grass that stuck out of the snow at the edge of the bank, thinking that he might find a path, but he found none. Finally, when he thought that the old man had finished his bath, he went back, and found that the coals had been thrown out and the curtain put back; so he went in, and found the old man there. So they sat down together, and the old man told him all about himself and how he made his living. As they sat talking, the skin that covered the entrance-hole in the middle of the floor was pushed aside, and a delicate, white hand appeared, holding a dish of food, which the young man saw to be fine whitefish. The old man got down and took the dish, and the hand disappeared. The young man found the fish so good, that he ate it all ; and then the old man took the dish and set it down again near the curtain, and the same hand appeared and took it away. The two men sat together for some time, the younger one wondering all the time to whom the hand might belong. At length the old man said that he was going out, but that the younger one was to stay where he was. The young man urged the other not to leave him; but the old man said, ''No," that he must go, and that the young man was to stay, but that he would send two children in to stay with him, and that he must never leave them. So the old man went out; and the young man sat for some time, waiting for the children to come in. At length he heard two children talking together outside, each urging the other to go in first. The house was of the kind that 6— PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google 82 has the entrance in the middle of the floor. At last two beautiful girls came up through the entrance. They had bowls of food; and they went to the young man in the most friendly manner, and offered it to him, and sat down on either side of him. Neither of them said anything ; and the young man said nothing, but he thought how kind it was of the old man to send in such beautiful girls, when he had been expecting boys. After they had eaten, they all went to bed. In the morning they all got up, and the two girls went out; and when they returned, each brought in a dish of fish. When they had eaten this, they said that they would cook some more, and they went out again. While they were gone, the old man came in and greeted the younger one, and asked him how he had passed the night. ''Why," said he, "I thought that you were going to send two boys in to stay with me. That is why I said that I would stay when you said that you would send in two children." Then the old man told him that the mother of the two girls would not show herself to him until he had taken the girls up to his own village and brought them back again. He also told the young man that all he would be expected to do while he remained with them would be to sit in the house and make a fish-net. The young man answered that he could not do this, because he was a hunter, and this was work to which he was not accustomed; but the old man said that he must do as he told him, "for," said he, **I have given you the two girls. This is the way we live, and you must do as we do." So he gave him some twine made of willow-bark, and showed him how to make a net, and told him that his own work was to go to the nets and take out the fish, and that he did nothing else from sunrise until sunset. So after the old man had left to look after his nets, Digitized by Google 83 the young man set to work to make a net; but he found it tiresome, and after a little he stopped working and went out to see what had become of the girls. He went all around the place, looking for their tracks; and finally, under some overhanging grass, he found a narrow trail, which led him back, and up a little slope ; and there he saw a house, with sparks coming out of the smoke-hole. He was curious to see the mother of the two girls, so he crept cautiously up to the top of the house and peeked down through the smoke-hole. He saw the two girls cooking some fish, and in one corner of the room sat a woman whose hair was so long that it afforded her a cushion. The young man took some snow and wet it in his mouth, and threw it down and struck her. Then he ran down off the house as fast as he could, toward the house where he had been at work on the net; but he heard the roar of water following him, and he kept on across the river, and up a hill on the other side. Still the water followed him up the hill ; but just as he reached the top, it stopped; and when he turned around, he saw nothing but water where the houses had been, and three gulls flying around over the place. They flew directly over where he stood ; and then he heard the voice of the old man, asking him why he had not done as he told him. Then they flew away, and the young man began to walk around; and soon he found that fur was growing out upon the back of his hands, and he turned into a wolf. 15. The Hunter and the Bear-Man. {Told by Stephen Morton^ There was a man who had a wife and two children. This man was a great hunter, and used to go out day by day, and leave his wife and the boys in the house, Digitized by Google 9 84 without company. His wife would sometimes ask him why it was necessary for him to leave them every day. ''Stay at home with us to-day!" she would say, but he would never listen to her. *This is my job," he would say, "and I must attend to it." One day, after he had gone out to hunt, as usual, his wife was sitting in the house, sewing, when she heard some one coming, outside the door. She thought it was her husband, and went on sewing, but a stranger entered the room. He was a tall, dark man ; and after he had spoken whith the woman a while, he asked her to go with him. *I cannot do that, said she. ''I have a husband, why should I go away with you?" Still he urged her, and still she refused, and at last he rushed out of the house in a passion. After a little, she sent the children out of doors to play, while she herself kept on with her sewing. As the boys were standing outside the house, they looked across the gorge, where the summer house and the caches were; and the younger one said to his brother, "See that thing under the cache! What is it?" — "It is a bear," said the older one. "Let's tell our mother!" said the younger one. "No," said his brother, "it will frighten her." So they agreed not to tell her; but when they went into the house, the younger boy forgot himself. Their mother asked them what they had seen outside while they were playing, and the older boy said that they had seen nothing; but a little while afterward, as they were playing about the room, the younger one exclaimed, "My, what a big bear that was that we saw under the cache!" So their mother began to ask them about it. Soon she put away her sewing, and went out to the cache that stood just behind the house, and brought in all her best clothes. After that, she washed her face and combed her hair, and made herself look as attractive as Digitized by Google 85 possible. Then she told the children to remain in the house, while she herself went out. Toward evening her husband returned from his hunting. When he came in sight of the house, he saw no smoke coming out of the smoke-hole. * Surely," thought he, ** there must be something the matter with my wife!" He went up on the roof and took off the curtain. Then he took some of the meat and fat, which he had tied up in a deer-skin, and let it down into the house, calling out to his wife to take it. But his wife did not answer; and one of the boys said, "Mamma is not here." So he went in and made a fire, and cooked some of the meat, and went to bed, thinking that his wife would soon be back. In the morning she was still missing; and he went out to his cache and got his hollow hunting-club, and melted some deer-fat and poured it into the club, to give it weight, for he had been looking around until he had found the tracks of his wife going down toward the brook, and beside them were the footprints of a man of great size. He followed them across the brook, toward the caches; and under one of the caches he saw a huge bear asleep, lying upon the remains of his wife. He came near to the bear, and the bear rose. up to meet him. And the man stood and taunted him, and said, ^'Do the same thing to me now, that you have done to my wife. You have killed her, kill me too." Then the bear rushed at him, but he stepped aside ; and as the bear passed him, he struck him with his club again and again, until he killed him. Then he cut off the bear's head and revenged himself upon the body, and began to wail for his wife in long-drawn cries. He cut off his own hair, and mutilated himself until his body was covered with blood. At length he looked, and found that fur was growing upon the back of his hands, and he and the two boys turned into wolves. Digitized by Google 86 i6. The Knocked-down Mouse. (Told by Kate Phillips:) A little Mouse was sliding down hill all diay long; and as he slid down, he lost one of his front teeth. And he went up and slid down again, and lost another tooth. He went up and slid down again, and lost one of his legs; and he slid down again, and lost another leg. And so he lost all his legs, and he had not a leg to stand on; and he went rolling down over the ice, and rolled into the water-hole. It was very deep, and there was ice at the bottom ; so he rolled out, and went rolling up the path that led to the water-hole, until he heard some one talking. Then he saw a large house, and he rolled up the roof to the smoke-hole, and saw two old women who had his fore-legs, and two other old women who had his hind-legs, and two other old women who had his teeth; and they were using his teeth and his toe-nails for needles. He rolled down off the house and into the entrance, and got his feet and his teeth, and put himself together, and went outside in a passion. When he got outside, he saw that the ice had gone and that summer had come, and he ran away squeaking. 17. The Chief's Son and the Ghoul. Once there was a large village where a chief lived who had two sons who were old enough to go out hunting. One evening, when they went to bed, they agreed to go out hunting together the next day; so in the middle of the night they got up and dressed themselves, and got their snowshoes and started out. Digitized by Google 87 They walked all that day ; and when evening came, they made their camp, and the next morning they started again. Twice they camped in this way, and on the third evening they made their camp as usual; but the next morning when the older brother got up, he found that his younger brother had been eaten by mice and other small animals during the night. Then he wailed for him long and loud; and afterward he left him lying in the camp, and started on again. He walked all day, and in the evening he made his camp; and after he had built the fire, as he sat weeping for his brother, he heard a noise in the direction from which he had come; but he did not look up. Then some one said, "What is the matter? What are you crying for?" and he looked up, and saw his brother standing by the fire and smiling at him. "I thought that you were dead," said he, ''and that you had been eaten up by the mice." — "You are mistaken," said his brother, "you only failed to tell me that you were going, that was all." So they had their supper and went to bed ; and in the morning the younger of them got up, and found that the elder had been eaten up by the mice, too. And after he had cried for him, he left him lying in the camp, and went on. At the end of the day's walk he made a camp; and no sooner Jiad he made a fire and sat down, than he heard a noise. So he looked up, and saw that his brother was coming into the camp; and his brother said, "Why is it that you did not wait for me this morning?" — "Well," said the younger one, "I did not wake you up, because you had been eaten up by mice and some other little animals." Now, the next morning the older brother got up and found that his brother had been eaten again; but this time he did not cry, because he knew that he would come Digitized by Google 88 to life again. So he left him there and went on his way, and did not stop to rest all day until he found a place to make his camp. When he had found a good place, he camped and made his fire; and as he sat by the fire, he heard a noise again, as he had the day before, and looked up and saw that it was his brother. *Why is it," said he, "that you did not let me know when you were starting this morning?" — "Well," said his brother, "I could not let you know when you had died and were eaten by mice." The younger brother was eaten three times, and the older brother was eaten four times, and after that it did not happen to them again. So they travelled along without any more trouble until they came to the ocean. They went right straight out upon the ocean; and finally they stopped and said to each other, "We cannot travel together this way all the time." So the older said to the younger, "You shall go south, and I will go north. You must not look back when you have left me." So they left each other, and neither turned to look back. As the older brother was going on his way, he saw something on the ice in the distance. It was too far away to tell what it was; but as he came nearer, he saw that it was a great sled loaded down with dead men, and that there was a little old man behind it. The sled ran as fast as though nine dogs were pulling it; and the old man had a hatchet behind his head, which he pulled out, and with it he attacked the young man and tried to kill him. But the young man was too much for him, and he was unable to kill him. By and by the young man took away his hatchet; and the old man said, "My grandson, I did not intend to kill you, I was just fooling. Sit on the sled among the dead people." The young Digitized by Google 89 man said, "Are you sure that you will not kill me?'* — **! am sure," said he. So the young man got into the sled; and the old man pushed it, big as it was; and it ran along as easily as could be. In the evening they came to a kashime. There were no other houses, except a brush-house, standing beside the kashime. The old man took all the dead men into the brush-house, and the young man went into the kashime and fixed himself up nicely, as the old man had told him to do. Then the old man gave the younger one some king-salmon and some ice- cream, and everything that he called for. After the young man had gone to bed, the old man went out and built a fire in the brush-house, and staid there all night; but he had told the young man not to go out during the night. In the morning the young man got up and found the old man sleeping, and he looked into the brush-house and saw nothing. The dead men had all been eaten up. He went back to the kashime; and by and by the old man woke up and came in and gave him food again, the same as he had done the day before. Then the old man took the big sled again and went into the woods, and after a while he brought it back loaded down with spruce hens. He put these also into the brush-house. During the night he ate everything up again. The next day he remained at home all day; and the following morning he said, ^'My grandson, to-day there will be strangers here. I am glad of this." In the after- noon the young man went out and saw some strangers coming, all in line, with axes and spears in their hands, intending to kill the old man. The young man told the other that they were close to the place; and the old man dressed himself and put his girdle around him, and took his axe and went out to meet them. But he told the Digitized by Google 90 young man to stay in the house, and not to go out until the fight was over. Then they began to fight, and there was a great noise outside for a long time; and then the young man went out, and found that the strangers had all been killed by the old man. Not one was left alive. Then he helped the old man to put them into the brush- house ] and there were so many of them, that it was late in the evening before they finished. The old man staid in the brush-house again all night, among the dead people, and the next day he brought in another sled-ful of grouse. The day after that he staid in bed again all day, sleeping; and the following day he said, ''My grandson, there will be more strangers here to-day, and you must fight them this time. I think you will be all right.'* In the afternoon more people came than the last time; and when they drew near, the young man went out to meet them and killed them all, as the old man had done. He filled the big sled with them, and brought it to the brush-house and put them into it; and the old man passed the night cooking them. The next day the old man told the younger one to take the big sled and get some grouse. "Where can I find them?** said he. The old man said, ''You will find them all in one tree. Take my arrow and shoot to one side of the tree, and they will all fall down." The young man went away; but he had not gone far, when he saw a big tree filled with grouse. Every branch was loaded down. There was one grouse larger than all the rest, sitting on the lowest branch. He had great eyes, and was looking straight at him. The young man tried to shoot him in the eye; but the arrow glanced upward, and did not strike him. But the other grouse all fell down dead, while the big one still sat looking at him. He brought the grouse back to the brush-house and Digitized by Google 91 put them into it; and then he went into the kashime and found the old man there, but something was the matter with his eyes. ** Grandfather," said he, ''what is the matter?" but the old man did not answer. Then the young man remembered that he had shot close to the big grouse, and he told him about it; and the old man opened his eyes wide, and was sick no more. The next morning the old man said, ''We had better go to see your grandmother." The young man agreed; and the old man brought out the big sled, and fitted up a little place at the back with deer-skins, and had the young man get into it; and he put in a man's rib with the meat on it, and lashed it in so that it could not fall off. Then he hitched a great harness made of brown- bear skin to the sled, told the young man not to peep, but to keep himself under the skins, and started off. In the evening they came to a house. Then the old man told the younger one to get out of the sled and tell his grandmother to come out and see the dead people; and the young man saw that the sled was full of dead bodies, but he did not know where they came from, for he had seen only one rib put into the sled. So he went into the house, and all at once he heard the old woman saying, "Here comes some fresh deer-meat!" but the old man said, "It is your grandson, you must not kill him." They unloaded the sled and went into the house; and the old people made ice-cream for the young man, and they began to eat the dead people, but they would not allow the young man to eat with them. The next morning the young man said that he would like to go to see his father and mother; and they made two bowls of ice-cream for him, and put them into the sled, and made a little place for him in the sled, and the young man got in, and that evening he was at home. Digitized by Google 92 When he came near to the house, he saw some women crying, as though some one were dead. He left the sled in the woods; and when he tried to get into the house, he could not (for want of strength), so he fell head-first over the porch and fainted. When he came to himself, he found himself in bed, with his father and mother on either side of him. He opened his eyes slowly, as though he were at the point of death, and said, ** Mother!'* — **My son,** said his mother, **is that surely you? You are out of your mind (Ni ye'ge tuxaiucJu't, qwuta^." — ''No," said he, **! am not crazy, I am all right, but where is my brother?" His father said, **My son, your brother has been dead for a long time." Then he got better every day, until he was well, and they lived there together. 1 8. A Sentimental Journey. {Told by Walter, of Anvik.) There was a young man travelling down the river with his canoe full of his belongings. After about twenty-five days he saw a big kashime on the shore-, so he got out and went up, but found nobody there. He lay down on the shelf and slept that night; and in the morning he got up and went on down the river for about ten days, when he saw another big kashime. Again he went up; but he found nobody, and he went in and slept on the shelf that night. In the morning he got up and went on down the river in his canoe for about fifteen days, until he came to the sea. ** Where shall I go now?" thought he. So he went ashore to take a walk, and saw another big kashime, and went in and lay down, and went to sleep. Soon he heard a noise, and he got up to listen, and heard two girls talking outside; so he went back and Digitized by Google 93 lay down again. One of the girls said, **See that canoe, all full of things! Let's look in the kashime!" So the two girls went into the kashime, and saw the young man asleep on the shelf; and one of them said, ** Oh, my ! what a fine young man ! That's the one for you." But the other girl said nothing; and the one who spoke first said, ** Let's go out and look at his canoe!" So the two girls went out; and soon the young man followed them, and found them looking at his canoe. ''Well," said he, *what are you looking at my canoe for?" — **That is not your canoe, it is mine." Then he said to the girls, ''I'd like to marry one of you." And the girls said, ^'Yes, sir." And he went to his canoe and took out a bag full of something, and drew out from it a little dog-skin parka, and handed it to one of them ; but she said, **! dont care to wear a dog-skin parka. The other one, however, said, ^Vd like to wear it;" and the one who refused ran away. So the young man said to the one who remained, **Do you want to go home too?" but she said, **! dont want to go home, because I like you." So he took her, and that night they slept in the kashime; and early in the morning the young man got up and took his canoe, and went off to hunt for seals. And he killed plenty of seals, and brought them all to the shore; and then he went back to the kashime and found that his wife had not waked up yet, so he went back to bed. After a while his wife woke up and went outside and saw plenty of seals on the shore. So she went in and asked her husband who killed all the seals on the shore. **! killed them this morning," said he. ''Oh, my!" said, she, "that's plenty of seal." — ''You better get up: it will take you all day to dress them." So they got up and went out, and worked over them all day, and they Digitized by Google 94 had plenty of seal-oil. When they had finished, the man said, "Who is that girl that came with you before I got married to you?" And she said, * That's my friend/ Then he said, "Let's go to your home!" But she said, "I don't think I care to go back home, because, if you find my friend there, I think you will send me away, and then I shall be sorry." And her husband said, "No, I couldn't do that." So they did not go to the girl's home, but settled down where they were. 19. Fishing for Husbands. {Told by Walter^ of Anvzk.) There was a big family of girls, and the second sister was a wicked little thing. In the summer all these girls made fish-nets, and caught a supply of fish for winter use ; and in the winter they made snares. So they kept them- selves well supplied with food. One winter the older sister made a fish-hook, and then she made a hole in the ice and let the hook down into the water. She felt something on the hook, and pulled it up, and found that she had an old wooden bowl. She let it down again, and felt something else, and tried to pull it up, but it was very heavy. So she pulled very hard, and at last she pulled out something tied up in a bag. She opened it, and found that there was somebody inside. She ran up on the bank; but some one overtook her and caught her, and she saw that it was a fine young man. "What are you afraid of?" said he. "I am afraid of you," said she. "Well," said he, "let us go down and get my things!" So she went down with him, and she saw that there was a good sled. Then he got all his things, and they went into the Digitized by Google 95 house. And when the girls saw them, they all had a fit of bashfulness \ but the second sister spoke, and said, ** Where did you get your husband?" — **! caught him in the water with a fish-hook," said she. "I want to get one, too," said the second sister. Then they all went fishing, and all had good luck but the second sister. She got no husband, because she was not a good girl. Now, the young men all went hunting deer, and they had good luck ; and after the hunt they all went into the kashime. And that bad girl, made eyes at her brothers-in-law; and all her sisters said to her, "Don't make eyes at your brothers;" but she said, "I don't care." After that, she said to her oldest sister, "How did you get your husband?" And she said, "Well, you make a hole in the ice, and let your fish-hook down into the water; and when you get a bite, you pull hard; and if you find a bag on the hook, you must not be afraid, but open it right away." — "Til do it," she said. So she went and made a hole in the ice, and let down her hook; and pretty soon she felt something on it. She tried to pull it up, but it was too heavy. Then she saw that it was a big bag, and she became frightened and ran up to the house; and all her brothers and sisters dove down into the water; and when she went to the house, there was nobody there. So she did nothing but cry all the time; and when it came springtime, she made herself a little house, but still she did nothing but cry all the time. When it came summer, she saw a man coming in a canoe. "Why are you crying?" said he. "Because I want to see my sisters," said she. "Well," said he, "get into my canoe, and I will take you to them." So she got into his canoe, and he took her about one day's journey, and they came in sight of a big village ; and she went ashore, and there she found the sisters that she loved. Digitized by Google 96 2o. The Woman who frightened her Baby. A woman gave birth to a child while she was out berrying. She laid it on some grass and went on berrying. Soon she came back and crept toward the child, and then sprang forward and cried ''Ah I** to frighten it. Then she went away; but soon she came back, and did the same thing again. She repeated this performance four times; and the fourth time, the child changed into a little bird and flew away. 21. Origin of Languages. "The Only-Man'* was very wealthy, and had a great many sons. He made sleds and parkas of various patterns (like those now in use in different localities), and sent his sons away in different directions, gfiving each a sled and a parka, and telling him how to speak differently from the rest. 2 2. Spiders. A woman and her son lived alone in the sky. The boy was a great hunter and killed many reindeer; and they saved great quantities of sinew, which the woman made into a long rope. She sewed her son up in a skin and let him down, and he became a spider. 23. Children and Giantess. Some boys and girls were playing on the ice. "Hark!" said one of them; and they heard an old woman singing in the bushes. Soon she came in sight, and they saw Digitized by Google 97 that she was very large. She told them that she had plenty of nice things in her house, and that if they would wait for her, she would go and get them for them. They said that they would; and to make sure, she put all the boys into her parka and tied it up, and then took off her breeches and put the girls into them and tied them up, and went away. When she had gone, a little Bird came and sat on the outside of the parka, and told the boys that the old woman had lied to them. One of them told the Bird that he had some fine paint, and that if he would let them out, he would paint him in beautiful colors. So the Bird pulled at the string until he had untied it, and the boys came out and filled the parka with sticks and tied it up again. Then they let the girls out, and filled the breeches with stones and tied them up again ; and then they all got upon the Bird's back, and he carried them to a distance, and they all sat down to see what would happen. Soon they saw the old woman coming back, followed by her slut. She had a large wooden bowl and a spoon; and she was singing, "Now I shall have some nice brain-soup!" When she came near the parka, she called out, "Here are the nice things that I promised you !" and then she took her knife and slit the parka open, but found nothing but sticks inside. Then she went to the breeches and cut them open ; but her knife struck the rocks, which dulled it. One of the boys laughed so loudly that she heard him; but the ice had now melted, and there was a stream between them. So the boys mocked her, and told her that if she should drink the water up, she could get them. She put her mouth down and drank in one place, and the water went down a little. Then she drank in another place, and it went down still more. Then she drank in another place, and it all disappeared, so that she might have got them; 7 — PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google 98 but the effort proved too much for her, and she burst open; and out of her came white whales, ling, pike and all kinds of fish, men's bones, and other things. The children were changed to birds and flew to her house, where they saw a great many bones of men and boys and girls. 24. How THE Boys escaped. Two boys were shooting with arrows, and the arrow of one of them was lost; and they searched for it, and found a house, and went up on the roof. Down there on the floor, in a big bowl, was some ice-cream ; and they went into the house and ate it. Then one of them got under a stone, and the other got under a pillow, and there they staid. Soon some one came stamping in. And she kicked the bowl, and said, "Who ate what was in you?'' — "There's one of them under that stone, and the other is under the pillow," said she, and she swallowed them. And they were in her belly. Then one of them took out a little knife, and the other took out a little whetstone, and they cut open her stomach and jumped out. 25. Little- Hawk. Some Hawks sat in the shelter of a spruce. There were five children in the family, and with the mother they were six. They were hungry; and in the morning, before sunrise, the mother flew off to get mice for the children. She caught an abundance of mice, and put them beside her children, and tore them in pieces for them. "Come," said she, "rejoice!" and she sang for them, — "Aiyiiwo'ma, yuka'iuq cYk. Tcimu'qtiya'xya tatlie'myunu'k ka." Digitized by Google 99 A Raven flew to the top of the spruce and spoke to her. "Oh, you don't love them very well!'* said he. ''Say, do you teach them well to eat only dog?** The mother answered him angrily. ''You scoundrel! Your children eat nothing but dog, my children eat only animals," said she. Then Raven flew away from up there, angry. 26. How THE Fox BECAME ReD. A Fox was going along. Hungry he was as he went along. Presently he saw yonder a brood of goslings, and their mother too, going with them. So he ran after them, and began to sing. Hungry as he was, he sang while he ran, — "I shall have your tender breast-bone to sleep on ! I shall have your tender breast-bone to sleep on !" Then they came to where there was water, and right in front of him they plunged in. Close to the edge of the water he walked along slowly in a rage; (so that) he turned red all over, except that the tip of his tail remained white. 27. The Old Woman has Spring-Fever. There was once an old woman who lived by herself. One day she washed her hair: and she left the water on the floor and went outside, and saw that it was spring. She went up on the top of her house, and saw the geese coming, and she sighed deeply. She saw another flock coming; and she said, "I wish that I had some goose- gizzards to eat!" and as she said this, she fell through the smoke-hole into the bowl of water that she had left on the floor, and was drowned. Digitized by Google lOO 28. The Little Girls and the Mink. There were three little girls who lived in a little house. One of them saw a Mink coming. The Mink said, "Girls, there is a big man coming;** and these little girls were afraid, and ran into the house and told their grandmother ; and their grandmother said, "Girls, run into the woods!** So they ran into the woods; and the big man came up and said, "Mink, where are the girls?** and the Mink did not answer. And the big man said, "Mink, I will kill you!** and the Mink ran into the woods. 29. The Raven Woman. Once there was a Raven woman walking along by a river; and she came to a big village, and found a young girl, who asked her to her house and gave her something to eat. In the same village there lived a rich man ; and when the people were hungry, they went to him, and he gave them whatever they needed. The young woman went to him and got some fine clothes for the Raven woman. In the same village there lived an old Raven man, who had no house, and staid in the kashime all the time. One night he said to himself, "I should like to go Into the house where the Raven woman lives:** so he went in there, and took the Raven woman for his wife. And the next morning, when the people in the house got up, they saw the Raven man, and told him to leave the house; and he began to cry, and to say, "I like this woman very much. Why do they tell me to go out?** Then he went out sadly, and went to the kashime. The next night he went into the same house, and took the woman outside, and they went far away together; and Digitized by Google lOI when they reached the foot of a high mountain, they made a house and caught plenty of fish. One day they saw a young man coming-, and he said to them, **! will be your son;'* and they agreed, and he worked for them. After a while he went away ; and when he came back, he brought a woman with him, and they lived there always. 30. The Fish-Hawks. (From Tanana.) There were two brothers who went out to hunt; and the younger found a nice young girl, and asked her to be his wife. She said, "Yes, I will go with you.** Then they went home; and his brother said, *I will take your wife away from you." He answered, ^'No, you will not. I want her for my wife." — "Well," said he, "if you want her, go a long way off, and you will find a high mountain." And he said, "Yes, I will go, because I want my wife." • So he went away, and came to the mountain, and went up the mountain, and came to a tree that had a big nest on it; and when he climbed up to it, he saw a little girl and a little boy in the nest. He killed the boy, and asked the girl where her mother was, and her father. She said, "My mother and father have gone out to hunt." And he said to the little girl, "I will not kill you, but I will ask you what time your father and your mother are coming back." She said, "It will rain when my mother comes, and it will snow when my father comes." And he said, "Now I will hide;" and she said, "I think that when my father comes, he will kill you." It was the Fish- Hawk and his wife. When her mother came, she cried, "Oh, where is your little brother?" and the little Digitized by Google I02 girl said to her mother, **He fell down and killed himself/ — ''Oh," she said, *who, who? Where is my dear little boy?" And while she was crying, the youth killed her; and after a while the father came, and he said, "Where is your mother?" The little girl said, "She has not come back yet," and he was very angry. And the young man killed him, and the little girl too ; and afterward he went home and asked his brother for his wife, but his brother refused ; so he killed his brother and took his wife, and was very happy because he had her to live with him again. 31. The Old Woman and the Singing Fish.^ There was once an old woman. She worked on alone, and in the summer she fished with a net, and (so) had plenty of fish. She cut them and hung them up and dried them, and put them into a cache, — a grass cache which she had. Now she had plenty of food, and, having plenty of food, she was glad. It came on winter, and she did her cooking. She cooked only the bones, even though she had plenty of food. "I shall be short in the winter," thought she. Once in a while only, she made ice-cream (vwJL'nkgyuk). This she ate occasionally. Now, once at dusk she took off the curtain from the smoke-hole and made the fire, and she put the pot upon (or against) the fire, and cooked (her food) and dished it up. "Now, then," thought she, "that's all. I will put on the curtain and go to bed." So she threw her fire out at the smoke-hole, and went out to it. She went up and put on the curtain. She went to the door and stood still, as if she expected to hear something. She listened care- ' Few stories contain so many of the details of the monotonous every-day life of an old Indian woman in so short a compass as this one does. It gets its point, to the Indian, in the haste with which she makes ready to see a man. Digitized by Google 103 fully, and thrust her fingers into her ears and drew them out again, to better her hearing. Then she heard. She heard some one singing, and ran in at her door. She thrust her hand under the shelf for the wash-bowl. She poured water into it, and washed her face and combed her hair, and finished her toilet. She reached out and got her bag, and took out the clothing that was in it, and put on a fish-skin parka and went out again. Presently some one sang; and she went in and took her place on the shelf, and busied herself spinning sinew thread on her fingers. Just a little while she sat there. Then she went out again. Again she listened. From the same place came the sound of singing. Then the old woman thought, "I don't believe it's a man." She went downstream from the house. She looked down also at the edge of the water, and saw a little fish. It sang as it swam around. She caught up a stick and threw it out upon the bank, and went back and entered the house. She staid there a little while, and went out again. Everything was quiet. *It must have been a man," she thought. She went in again and ate something. She sucked in some icecream, and felt lonesome. She cried, and went into the woods. 32. The Grand-Daughter and the Beads. There was an old woman who had a grandchild, a girl ; and they lived together, and fished in front of their house, the year round. There they lived. They had a fine place. The girl grew to be quite large, and worked with her grandmother. She was old enough to work, and her grandmother was grateful. Now, there came a time when her grandmother said, "My grandchild, go and look down the river!" So she went down the river from the house. There she walked along the bank; and there she saw Digitized by Google 104 where houses had been, no one knows how long since. She went down where it appeared that a house had been. She took a little stick and went poking around with it. ** What's this?** thought she, and she was glad. She -ran back to her grandmother. She ran into the house. ** Grandma," she said, "how pretty this is!** — ''Why, why!** she said. "Why, my grandchild!" she said, "that was where your grandfather's village was long ago. It used to be his," she said. Then she bathed her, and combed her hair, and dressed her in fine clothes, and that bright ornament hung upon her hair. "My grandchild," she said, "go get some water." So she took her pails and went to the water-hole. She dipped one full of water and the other half full, when she thought she heard some- thing. She listened, and (it was) some one coming from below. She took a good look. There was a big sled with dogs, — three of them. (The man) stopped in front of her and spoke, and said, "U'kgo yu'go." But the girl did not understand him, and he went away, and she took up her pails and went up. She went in to her grandmother. "Grandma," she said, "a man came to me with a big sled and dogs, and said, 'U'kgo yu'go' to me." And her grandmother said, "Why, why! It is the beads only that he was saying that he wanted. My grandchild," she said, "go take off the curtain. Let's make the fire!" she said. So she went out and took off the curtain. She threw down the wood and made the fire, and her grandmother put on the pot, and they put their meal into it and cooked it; and the poor old woman said, "Come, my grandchild! that's all, put on the curtain." So she put on the curtain, and they ate their meal and went to bed. They woke up in the morning; and the grandmother said, "My grandchild, go and get some more water. Now, if you see a man, if he says *U^kgo yu'go' Digitized by Google I05 to you, give him (the beads)/ She went to the water- hole, and saw the man again. He came up to her, and his sled was full of things ; and the man spoke, and said, ''U'kgo yu'go.'* She gave him (the beads), and he ran off. The g^rl ran up to her grandmother. ** Grandma,'' said she, ** hurry!" And they took the sled up, and put the contents into the house, — oil and fat; and they became rich. She was glad, that poor old grandmother, because she was thankful. And there they lived. 33. The Adventures of a Mouse. A Mouse was going along on the shore of the ocean, and at last he became tired and swam in the ocean a night and a day, and at length he became exhausted. Ten days and nights (passed), and he saw a piece of bark floating on the water. He climbed up upon it, and went to sleep, and I know not how many days it was that he was asleep. And then he awoke. The bark was bumping against the shore with him. He looked up at the land, and saw a house above him. There were two girls playing, and he went ashore and went toward them. Now, they were making a little house, and suddenly he ran out in the shape of a Mouse. Those girls caught sight of him; and one girl seized a stick and struck at him, but she missed him ; and he hid, and ran toward the house. And he looked and saw a cache, and climbed up upon the ladder (a notched stick), and went in and got some dried whitefish and oil, and came down, and carried them away from the house, and took them to the bank. He kept going along the bank, and missed his footing and fell down ; and the dried fish fell on him, and he died. Digitized by Google II. — TEXTS. 4. The Sun and the Moon.^ Kai qbtco'q q6^uo'n, trun nf . Kehlu'ku yurzy6' iiqu'hl- Village large there was, they say. Orte family of then children tdtk yit dttltcfe', tci'dlukai tennt'qfen, qa'vwu ta'rdzru ythl there lived, boys four, their younger also sister gihlosna^lti. the fifth. Aqaqu'hitdflc nb'k^ihlon trfgudlthltuq. Qane'kgn lofien Now, the woman did not want to Strangers many marry. 5 yihl qaiyuku't qaiyoxwondudlhl ; kai yitqwuta'n yfhl, also wanted her they came to see her; village people also, dahltnn!" trt'gudthltuq. Yitho'itsu qwutdtgi'hl nb'kofhl- but she did not want And at length the women to marry. ta'hini tcMukai ythl kai qwuta'n qoquhljre'k. Yitho'ft- men also village people took partners. And sun' su'xuhltdeo'n nrnukha'g6 n^^'i ythl do'thlto'l ythl it was dark on the earth sun also moon also kokwuT uqa't. none because. 10 Yitho'ttsun' 6yu^kun nb'kaihlon yu'qai tagdo'; qane'k^n And that woman there lived; strangers ukwu'l, kai yitqwuta'n qai'yinthla^n ukhwtn. Yitho'Itsun' none, village people notice her not. And nie'uxu k'aidai'q Innt" qa'iyint'hlua'n ukhwu'l tsuqdyr'hl, outside she walks although, they notice her not at all, * Story numbers in Texts refer to corresponding numbers under I (English Versions). For translation of this tale see p. 21. [106] Digitized by Google I07 giye'n qa^wu u' qaidla'ntsun. Oqdqdyf hi tguta'flug vwu others their wives being. Now, at night her tee" utrKhlnt'q wOhllahltu'ntsun. "Qane'lcgn ukhwu'l, tdbva' head some one she sleeping. ^Strangers none, who scratched, go'u dlta'n?" tne'u^en. DahltanI" yiyt'hl qanna'iq. Ct- this does?"^ she thought. But with him she spoke. duwfntutoq yuqho'tsu dutugt'a'n, 6yu'kun tceMlu qwu'tdt- Daily the same he began to do, that man who 5 noudo'ytn. A'ntra vwu kafn' y'iectlu' h6k'u^ "Tddva' came in. As her husband he became like. *Who go^u dtta'n?" Ine'u^6n. "Qwthltgfgu kai yit-qwuta'n this does?" she thought. "All village people qaVwu O'ukai qaidla^n, sfaxa zro vwu ti' ukhwu^," Ine'- their wives there are, my older only his wife none," she brother wen; "qane'kSn ythl ukhwultu," tne'u^en. "Gftcti'cku thought; '^strangers also since there are she thought. "A feather none," VWU tcfi'uxu ttatltcfg yitho'Itsu trahltg6t tcuqutagdatltu, his hair I will tie and kashime when they come (into), out of, lo tdbva' ecrg'elu* tc^'uxu utYditcti; vw4'k4 qe^natlfhl,'' who it may be hair tied for 1 will look," fne'u^en. "Gilu, qa'iyinonudo'ihl ; gllu' wQhlunahltu'n, she thought. "Come, go into the kashime! come, go to sleep! sltdetdu'gti wO'hlaqa," yfhlnl, yi tg^'uxu ugftltcfftsun. I too am sleepy," she said, his hair having been tied. Yitho'ttsu qa'iyantU(Jiyo fiyii'kun tceMl, yitholftsu wGhl And he went into the that man; and sleep kashime, a'ftdu no'untltlnfn, qo'youdlhla'n tsuqdya'n'. Aqaqu'hltdflc without she remained, thinking only. Then 15 yi'tftlkhwo'n, yitho'ttsu tfuneyo', yitho'ftsu qu'tdt yu'q it became light, and she went out, and their house qwutdo'i notta'u^ut. doorway she stood. OqdqbyfhP ca'ntrutWuda'thl, aqu'hltdf tci'dlukai ca'n- Then when as we got out, then men ' See p. 22. Digitized by Google io8 qiiriMda'thltsu qbnthla'n, tnnl" qa'vwu tt^'uxu 6'x6 ko- going out she sees, but their hair in khwu'llu. Oqdqdyt'hl vi'axa tfiinehltlb'q. Yi'nihla'n, nothing. Then her brother leaped out. She saw, tre(Ja' vwu tc^'uxu ugt'cutct'c. Vwiyt'hl su'quhldehltlftc, behold, his hair tied. With her darkness, vwu nan' tct dt'tuk'u'sr, qu'hlti wi'yeqOdo'Idlnrntsun. her face too became red, then she being angry. 5 Yitho'ftsu dran uqu'hltflc qwu'tdonya'llyaiq vwu tda'gu And daytime then she brought in her parka nne'gu ghw6sr v6'x6 khwu'I i, dezre'n-yia'n' tdu'^u. fine dirt on it none the beautiful only parka. one, Gbk'b'q ythl, ga'gu ylhl qwutdonye'llyo, quga'gttzu qdyi^hl, Fat also, berries also, she brought in, she did not also, speak von yiyfhl qunna'iq Innf, yitho'ftsu nbqbtWokwo'n qofio', her with her spoke although, and she made a fire while, mother aqu'hltdi utdetdu'gQ tu'nuqotf'tltin, feyu'kun nd'kaihlon. then she also took a bath, that woman. lo Aqilqu'hltdtk nu'cutle'n tdu'u nne'gu ytt, khatri'k q6- Then attired parka fine in, moccasins yfhl, iqaqu^hltdlk wa'nkgyuk gon ni'yinekwbn tdi'axa also, then ice-cream this she puts her brother*s tco'g wiyft, yitho'ftsu tavwa'sr Ithltcft, yitho'ftsu u'tdt bowl into, and dressing-knife she took and her ma'mu niyu^ku qant'dryinagto'tg. AqJLqu'Hltdtk yitho^ltsun breasts within cuts off. Then also (the parka) wa'nkgyuk yuk'uMzudiye'ctlo' yitho'ttsu yina'nyiegtcfq ice-cream puts them upon it and sticks (in each) 15 k'a^iuxunneMu, yitho'itsu qa'iyie'tWokhwo'n. Pl6o't tu'- an awl, and takes into (the kashime). Yonder kutdMhIntk. TretJa vi'axa ntnnu'ku ^fitdo^ yuq nne'dzr, she straightens Lo, her brother back there is, house middle, herself up. yitho'ftsu y6'x6 diye'^okhwo'n. and by him she places it. ^Mn hl6''6-tct a't dfnftan,'* yfhlnt. **Agude' nfnukh4'g6- *Thou truly that didst," she said. '*Well! on the earth Digitized by Google I09 qwutd6'nna qaiya'qa iimmti' ito'ila'hl,'' yfhlnt Yitho'ftsu people for them sickness there will be/ she said. And gantu'giyo, yitho'ftsu aiyu'ku ye'gii ta^yo^ 6q6q6yfhl she went out, and yonder there she went, and then qogftfjuon. Yitho'ftsu vi'axa ylhl ii'tdr tda'gu no'undo'i I- the sun rose And her brother also his parka put on, (i. e., she ascended as the sun). tcfg, tdu khatre'gu tdn, guk'u'g zro yenetu'Ju, iinatoMzun'. his moccasins too, the ''side" only he put on, in his haste (i. e. one) (lit., hurrying). 5 "Si ta'rdzr qwuta' s6'xw6ta^iyo','' Ine'u^en. Yitho'ttsu "My sister perhaps has escaped me," he thought. And utdedu'gu ta(Jiyo', do'thlto'l a^tla't. he too went, moon he became. 5. Raven Tales. (a) How Raven drought Light} Kai qdtco'q qbjuo'n, trun'nf. D6'nna lo'ntsun kai Village large there was, they say. Men being many village 6q6tco'q. Triga'rzrthltuq,* trun'nf, nd'kaihion getdi' big. Some one who would they say, a woman very not marry, nlzre'n. Vwl th6' getdi' qwdskha' fttla'n, trun'nl', vwl beautiful. Her father very wealthy is, they say, his 10 t9u^ an trl'gudfhltu'q. Kai qwuta'n yuqho'tsu tcKdlukai daugh- she did not wish to Village people all men ter who marry. qai-yuk'{i't-n6qw6dthItyiL'q. Grtuqdonyg'' tcrOtcr qo'nqudu- they-her want-try hard to get. Some of them wood brought, dfhl, yuq qoldtb'qsn nuqa'iyidila'iq. fiyu'kun tri'gudthl- house upon roof they put it. That who-does-not want-to- tu'xun ttuttt'llokwaiq. "Gan dia'i i duquhla'n?" yfhlnL marry runs outside. "What for it do they get?" she says. Qwiitdi'yidtnfhl, qwutdontutdo'lq. Tci'dlukai yuqho'tsun' She throws it down, (and) goes in. Men all * For translation see p. 22. * See p. 23. Digitized by Google I lO Itatltcrhl-kut, sttde'nna'xu-Mtltcfhl-k'ut duqaihla'n, tnnr' I-will-get-I-want, I-the-one-I-wUl-get-I-want they do, but viya'n'. £yuku grtu'qdonyg^' tteJuo'n ylhl qa'i-yi-th6'-6'qw6- no. They some of them fish-trap with they-her-father-for- tiga'ctlo *(nnf \ dahllnnf' viya'n'. £yu'ku kai qwuta'n, set it even though, yet no. Those village people, ^'Totto' an/ qayhlnt. ''No getdi' an vwftrunlgune'k,'' "Enough her," they said. **Aw, very her we can't get," of much 5 qSL^ylfhlni. Qwutdlga^l giye'n nbkaihlta'hlnt quhljre'q, they said. At length other women they took, trdqaidtu'q innf'. Yitho'ltsu gftdfe'uxu kai qwuta'n trf ill-favored even though. And other where village people also qa'i-yoxo'n-tucutdfhl, intif viya'n', tr6q6zro^ Gtlu'qdofiye" they-her-to-came ; but no, indeed! Some xunno'i a'k^ qutdudfhl, Innf viya'n\ Ka'i qwuta'n an deer for went, but no. Village people her qai'yannuqudrdenrgu, ''Totto'/ qa'ylhlne'dtsun. Ka'iuqtoq they quit, "Enough," saying. Villages lo qwuta'n yuqho'tsun qa'iyoxo'ntuciitdfhl Innf, enneMzu kai people all they to her came yet, northern vil- lages qbyfhl, too'dzu kai q6yfhl, " Sftde'nna'xu Mtltrf'hl k'ut and, southern villages and, "I'm it I will get I want," qa'ylhlne'dtsun, Innf viya'n', Aqaqu'hltdlk "Tofto'," saying, but no; then "Enough," qa'ythlnt they said. Niyu'ku quhitt trahltgfe't, y6qg6tsi' de'nna ^gth'in. Inside now the kashime. Raven man is. 15 Oqbqdyfhl qo'yodltftla'n an ybqgdtsi' ^Ihlxa'hltsun. TgS't- And he begins to think he Raven, it being dark. All dutuqudlmu'g wdhlnehlteaiu qo^oudlhla^ntsun. ''Driitta night long he sleeps not, thinking. "Let sftdetdu'gti vwu'nWfeto'xu," Ine'u^^n. Yitqo'no su'quhltdeo'n me too try (I will)," he thought. Meanwhile it was dark qono' go'ut duquta'n. Aqiqu'hitdtk tguta'Jiyo. Yitho'- while these they were. Then he went out. And things doing. ftsun ta'-a-(Jiyo, sii'xuhlto'xu siVxuhltdehltlftgtsun inni''. he we>e-nt, dusk darkness although. n Digitized by Google Ill Naa'i ukhwu'l do'rhlto'l ythl, su'xuhltdeo'n tsuqdya'n', inni' Sun none moon also, dark altogether, yet xaho%l. Qoe'nthlnuq toq, nofto'q tsuqbyfhl, d6'nna he goes. He is tired when, he flies also, man andula'iq tsuq6yfhl, Vwu tsti'nu ummO' toq, dfi'nna he changes to also. His wings painful when, man andula'iq, vwu tgti'n ylhl ummQ'' toq, nott6'q. QwiitdtgA'hl he changes to, his legs also painful when, he flies. At length 5 vwiyfhl qaitttlu'an a'ntra yi'tttlkhwo'n huk'ii^ yitho^ttsun' with him it grew light like it will dawn as if, and qwutdlgJlTil a'ntra dra'n qa'idluu'ntsiin. Oq6q6yfhl kai at last like day being bright. Then Tillage qbtco'q ihltgo'n, noltd'q qbyfhl, dft'nna lo'ntdu qaidluu'n- big he saw, he flies while, v^en where many it being tsun. AqJLqu'hltdtk dfe'nna ancAla't, kai nthlko'tsudu, bright. Then man he became, village near to, yuu'n ta^yo' kai qwii'tsun'. yonder he went village toward. lo Dfe^nna ^ toq neyo^ tnnf qa'yukutlne^gu, dfe'nna Ion Men among he went, but they are not aware, men many uqaf. £yu'ku kai qwiita'n qa'iyeneu^e'ntzun'. Isf6o' because. Those village people do not think about him. Yonder yitqo'no tra'hltgfet tcoq qedla'n, yit qoo'sn td yuq qbtco^q meanwhile, kashime big there is, there beside also house big qedla^n, qo'xotdtu'kii td tcrutcr qo'nduxaio', vwu td' there is, above it also stick set up, its end nlhltri? nfkoxwun ylhl qugutd'c, a'ntra v6^x5qutdedtre^ wolverene- wolf-skin also tied, like a flag, skin 15 Ine'ud^fen y6'qg5tsi^ *'TrfgudIhltu'xun qavwi yu'q q6ya'n' Thinks Raven, **Those-who-don't-want- their houses only to-marry nouta'dz duqaidta',' Ine'u^gn. Q6'x6uo't nthlkd'dzudu like that are," he thought. Beside it near ntneyo'. Tiika'nduMt, qbnthla'ntsun, yitho'ftsu tca^ntrut- he went. He stood, looking, and there came dudfhl yuq qo'ftsun' lo'fien nuqo'unt'qtsun, nd'k^ihlon out house from many about their work, woman * See p. 24. Digitized by Google I 12 yfhl tguxaiho'ihl, n6ka.ihlon qwuta' ftlzre^'n t6 qbta'^iyo'tsun, also came out, woman how beautiful water going for, gftsuxaitdu'*u yta'n' ytt, vwaihntdo^n nfkoxwun getdi' marten-skin parka only in, the ruff wolf very vb'xu'udenna'^u. ^'Agude' an trfgudihltii'xun/ ine'u See p. 25. 8— PUBL. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google 114 W'n, tdu"u nne'gu qaiyindu'xaillo'. Yitho'ltsu qOnf'hlkga'dz, him, parka fine they put on him. And he stared, vwu naye'du tcoq qaidla'ntsun. E'dtt-nthltce'n q6nthla'n. his eyes big there being. All around he looked. Q6yfhl vwltsi' xounnfe't vwl'tsu quUuii'n d6qwudeo'n. And his grand- back of by reason of light hangs, father Vwttsru vwlts6' yihl qa'iyentliyo'n. Wtihlqaihltu'nutzun', His grand- grand- also brought him up. They did not sleep, father mother 5 xunno'i uk g6'q yla'n' qaiyi'iihlo'ntsun. A'hlouna' trVgu- deer fat only feeding him. Yes, and the-don't- drtiltu'xun vi'axayfe' ylhl wo'ttdu'y6 ythl lo'fin qaiye'ntliyo'n want-to-marry's brothers and sisters also many cared for him ythl gyu'kun ydqgbts^ Ikgfdzu. K'go'ftdlcukghu'sr, qwut- also that raven little. He crept, at last dtga'hl k'wafttu'giyo' 6'q6q6yr'hl tagtru'q ts6q6ya'n' fiyu'- he walked, and then he began incessantly, that to cry kun tr6'q6ne'gin. "Nta'dz dl'tnnt an tsru'xun?" yfhU child. *What says that crier?" said lo vwftsr: vwftsWdao'n ythi yiiqho'tsu uqi^yfhlnl. *'Ummti' grandfather; his relatives also same said. ^Sick a'gtlat qwuta' an,'' qi^ythlnl, trun'nf. Oqwuto'q xuUe' he has perhaps he," they said, they say. Sometimes imperi- become ously u'lluu'n tsu trudftlne'k. "I'yl qwuta' k'a't a dftnni," light toward he reached. ''That^s it perhaps he wants that, he says," qa'ythlnt. "Gflu vo'xwu ni'yunuquA'iq," ql'yrhlnt. «No they said. **Come, by him put it!" they said. *Why, ye'nthlun," q^'ythlnt, yitho'ltsu qa'ythltcft, qaiyitlo'iuxaion, he will see it," they said, and they took it, they gave it to him, 15 nMano'-toftru'qdun. Qwutdtga'hl egtco'xutcoq, yitho'ttsu he stopped crying. At last he grew big, and qa'iyitlonyua.'iq kwutto'gutoq, tct ntnnfi't nlnqaiyua'iq. they gave it to him sometimes, again back they put it. Qwutdtga'hl nife'uxu tcl k^wAtu^giyo, qwu'tdinoltda'iqtoq At length outside also he walked, whenever he came in, qwuta' etru'q 6yu'kut, yitho'ltsu qai'yitlonyua'iq. !?Jitco'xu ^ how he cried for that, and they gave it to him. Big « See p. 26. Digitized by Google '•5 yta'n' innr\ y6'x6 6tru'q. "Griu st ^an ^oqluo'n," yfhlnl. very althougk, for it he cried. *Now my neck put it on," he said. «Vw6 tifhl oqhltsg'n, go' st tdro'gd too'Ihl,'* yrhlnt. Qa'i- **Its string make ye, here my breast (at) it will be," said he. They- yi-(Ja'n-ni'yineo'n, yitho'fts6n\ Vwft tdro'gft yi'^fton, y'iye' his-neck-put it on, also. (At) his breast he wears it, with it tgftta'^yo', yitho'ltsft ntnuft'qai dotto'q tritl toq ilOk go'k. he went out, and back woods bushes under he ran. 5 "Kw6ce' sf-nftqadlnft'q? 'Qwfttfia'n' sft'.qftttgnfdtzftn'," *Will me-they forget? 'Where is he?' (of) me they never say," ine'dHn. Nl'neftd'k, eyfi'kfi tcoq qftllOft'ntsfin i yiyl'hl tdt he thought. He flies, that big thing shining it with his ka'i qwft'tsft e'nlgtdk. Qo'xfte'nfthlnftk t6q tct noft6'k, village toward he flew. He was tired when also he flew, yitho'ftsft vwt tsti'nfi ftmmti' toq, xiho^l; yitho'ftsft qwftt- and ' his wings painful when, he walked; and at dig&'hl tci tdt ka'i nil'ddiyo. length also his village he got back to. (d) How Ravens Eyes became White} lo Ybqgttsrft de'nna iilfla'ntdo'n, xft'kahl deloi 6x6tg6'6x6, Raven man when he was, paddles mountain alongside, detsa'ntsdn. Xd'kahl, 6'q6q6yl'hl tcrfitcr qo'ndfixaio' t6'6- being hungry. He paddles, and stick set up kavwo'n y6'x6nnfn66kahn yinlhla'n. TrecJa't tftqvwe'hl water edge he paddled up to he examined. Lo, fish-net vwftcfttcfg. TreJa' hlfe'akft wiye' loii^ tied. Lo, fish in it plenty. Yitho'Itsft tri ye yilai'q, tdl to'dzft tdft vwti'dft q6yfhl And canoe into he puts, his back his belly also 15 niyilai'q. Yitho'ltsft tdft vwQ'dft jetlo'i yftho'n, Ita'ktsftn, he puts them. And (at) his belly that are he eats, raw, gMctdo'n. ^'A-ha-haV tne'ficjen, "ginastdo'n; togftdft'n, he is filled. «A-ha-ha!" thinks he, «I am filled; thanks, ginastdo'ft,'* Ine'ftcjen. Yitho'itsfi yft'kftt tfto'gwfi ythltcft, I am filled," he thinks. And that paddle he takes, « See p. 27. Digitized by Google ii6 ntftcftka'hn. Xft'kahl, dra'n. 0q6q6yfhl tci'ft tcrfttcr he has paddled He paddles, (all) day. And again stick away. qo'ndftxaio'i Ihltgo'n tctn. Y6x6nnl'ne0kahn. Tre^a' tftq- set up he sees again. He paddled up. Lo, ■ vwe'hl td vwOcfttcff. Tci'6 ni'yenftlOa'n. Tre^a' hl6'akft fish-net an- tied. Again he examines it Lo, fish other again. wiye' lo'fi. Go ylhltcf'ktsft, tdl toMzO tri ye yilai^q, tdO in it many. These taking, (at) back canoe in he puts, (at) his his 5 vwQ'dft qbyfhl. Yitho'rtsft yilftqdo'fi tdfi vwti'dfi ^6tIo'i belly also. And part (at) his belly that are aho'n, It'a'ktsfin. "A-ha-ha'," rne'ft^en. "To'gOdfi'n, he eats, raw. "A-ha-ha!" thinks he. "Thanks, glnastdo'ft." Yitho'ttsd q6nlhl(ia'n, adtO'kO q6yl'hl qdnlhl- I am filled." And he looks, upward also he looks, Oa'n, 6'q6q6yfhl yftq qaihltco'n, yOq qone^gft. Yftq q6\- and house he sees, house fine. House w5'eftx6 qft'lhvwfzr tdo'xwftdelo". Yitho'ftsftn yftq qwftt- outside dried white-fish are hanging. And house he lo dlnneyo^ Tre(Ja' dfi'nna khw6l. Qd^ltvwfzr yrtil yftq entered. Lo, person none. Dried white-fish also house qMalo'. TreJa't da'ststin d6'nna yfiq, tdfi^'fi nne'gft ylhl, are there. Lo, this side person's place, parkas fine also, tdl6'(jag t'dft"a kwatde'de, ndkaihlta'hlnf t'dft"0, tl6qta'hl squirrel-skin parkas new, women's parkas^ mats nne'gft ylhl, no'fihltci'dl nne'gfi yfhl. "Qwd'tfta'n an?** fine also, work-bags fine also. ** Where she?" tne'656n. K a'xO nftfi'n gantO'giyo. 5l6'o qwfttdo'i qo'Itsft he thinks. Back there he went. Yonder doorway from 15 nig'ftxO qdnr'hlfta'n. Qdnfhlda'n, d'qbqbyf'hl tO'n Ihltco'n, outside he looks. He looks, and path he sees, de'loi wftk'fi'dzCi. Yitho'ftsCi yfi'qai trfitf9fio'its, trite'tltik- mountain upon. And there he strutted, he rushed go'k nftdft'kfi. Rrtdft'kO qfthltdl'k gftcrhlkft' qadiyo'. up. Up then top he climbed. Qdnfhlfta'n. TreoV ga'gfi Ion. Tfin qo'rgk'O'd teitto'k He looks. Lo, berries many. Path beside bowls yft ga'gfi ^etlo'. Nrhlr'kftsO' k'wCl'Ilftkwo'Iq, de'nna k'kvfk in berries there are. This way and that he runs, person for Digitized by Google 117 qonlhlfta'n. Oq6q6yi^hI treja', nb'k^ihlon nne'gO ga^gft he looks. And lo, woman beautiful berries ginftha'. Yb'xwfin' nlneyo' yitho'ttsft yft'xfigk'ftMzft ythltcr't. picks. To her he went and her shoulder he grasps. "Gflft i'nl," yrhlnl. "GHa, nl yO'q^ qwfttsfia'ntrfttfgt'o'rzr," *Now, come!" he says. *Come! thy house we will go to," yfhlnr. DahUnnr" infnnafn. "Enna'gft," yfhlnt. "5lo he says. But she is not *^I don't want she says. ^For willing. to," 5 ga'gft gl'nlssa'tfi," yl'hlnt. « Nti'qtOtra'li i'yf," yr'hlnl berries time for me to she says. **By and by it," she said, be picking," Dahllnn'r v6'x6?k:'ft'dz6 qetl'n'n. "Gfla a'ni," yfhlnt. But her shoulder he held. ^Now, come!" he says. QwOtdlga'hl yi'yeqodO'xOhlnfn. "Tddva' ts!'tl!" yl'hlnt. At length she grew angry. '^ What [who] a rascal!" she says. "Gr'lft, nftde'yta'n' Mtgl'iift si yfi'q qo'ltsft no'nfdo'rhl," **Come! Thou only down my house to go thou," yl'hlnf. Wi'yeqodo'fdlnf'n €yt'k(la nb'kiihlon. "Gtlft',' she says. Angrily that woman. *Come," lo yl'hlnl, "nftgrnO si yftq s6'xw6 tedo'Ihl," yfhlnt. Td6 said, **down my house with me thou wilt stay," she says. Her ga'gft tlfhl aqa, yitho'Itsu ybqgttsi' g^'g^ nftqaiyitl'^ftxan, berries string with, and Raven berries they started to carry, n6'kaihlon ylhl nr'gftq6tl'?0xa'n. MQX'nt yftq, "Gflft', woman also they carried their packs. Down (at) house, "Come, tft'kdnffifio'," yfhini nb'kaihlon, "yitho'tefi niyfi'q ni'yineo'n: untie it," said woman, "and down put it: nOn nb'xothl qoe'nasto'tq," yfhlnt. Yiltho'ttsft nb'kaihlon thee for I will dance," she says. And woman 15 gata'gtU, — sings, — "Ikna', ikna', i'kcaito. Ikna', ikna', i'kcaito. Akca' tcugu'n hugfi', Onfiu' ya vwiiga'n hS. 20 m m in > See p. 28. Digitized by Google ii8 "Gf'lft, nrtdetcr'," yfhlnl. "fJtin nl'tla'ntsfi hdk'fi't," yrhlni. **Now, thou too," she says. "Thee I to see wish," she said. "£"6," trfin'nf. Ntrehltlo'q, gftratattH", — **Yes," he said. He jumped around, he sang, — "TlYkY'n gaka'hl, tlYk. tltk, tlikim gakajl,' TltkY'n gaka'hl, tltk, tlYk." 5 "Ni glle'gft tra'tdtft'q,'' yrWnt. ^Gftdena'hltritl," yrhlnl. *Thy song bad," she said. "Shut thine eyes!" she said. "Ctfq!" yfhlnl. Vitgti'n doftO'kOqoxo'In ilOkgo'k, t6'Il6 "CtTq!" she said. His legs between she ran, squirrel ntla^ntsftn. Yi yftq qo'ftdita'^yo, bqbqbyfhl qwfttdo'i being. Her house she went into, and the doorway nIhla'nqwOtdftltsftl. Nfto'qsn tcf qa'diyo, yallftkfi't, ftiyft'kft shut itself together. On top of also he climbed, (to) the down the house smoke-hole, qonlhlfta'n. fiyft'kftn n6'kaihlon wiyeqodo'Idlnfn. ^a'ftk- he looks. That woman angry. Ashes lO qoWdzti nahltco'q tfekftco" a'qa yftqhoyft'xfthlxft'hl, yitho'ltsft hot ladle with she threw, and vwft na' ftdOk'wa'fthl. hb eyes turned white. {g) 'How Raven enticed a Man away from his Home? Y6qgftsi' xft'kahl, va'vfi ylhl fttdtnftho', de'nna ylhl Raven paddles, food also he has not, man (to be) with tne'(i(?e'nt26n'. XO'kahl, yitho'Itsfin. jSlrtdd'kft sr6qn6' sin he does not care. He paddles, also. Up river summer taqft'dlffiftc xfika'hl qono'. Yitho'ftsft aqaqfi'hltdrk qo'xwftsr long he paddles continu- And it happened bubbles ally. 15 tcK ftxaiftka'n, dahUnnf* yi'nlhla'ntzftn' i qo'xwftsr, de'Ine'- also he passed but he did not see the bubbles, not think (rode) 6^6'ntzfin' qdyrhl. Yitho'Itsfi yft'qholnnb'kd nftco'xft ythl- about them or. And shoreward large one he tgo'n, yb'xbnneOka'ntsftn, yitho'itsft yinthla'n. Ye'nthlan, saw, paddling by it, and he saw it. He looks, J Perhaps gaka'hl. — F. B. 2 See p. 35. Digitized by Google 119 qbyfhl gd'k'dq nlla'n, yitho'rtsfi yr'hitcr't. Yitho'ItsO yO'- and fat it is, and he takes it. And xfihItsOn, yitho'ftsfi delne'6(j6n, "Gan go'n?" Ine'O^en. hesmelledit, and thinks, 'What this?" he thinks. "DfftKta diso'n i," Ine'O^en; yitho'ftsO yfixaiho'n lldqdo'n. "Better I eat it," he thinks; and he ate part. Unnfq v6'q6;^ yitho'ftsO vwOlft'qdo'n a'qa qd'dlnftltld'q Sweet for him; and part with he smears 5 tdft tda'gft yftqho'tsfi, tdft tri' y!hl nlftltld'q, yitholtsfl his parka all over, his canoe also he smeared, and tr?ftka'n. Oqbqdyl'hl y6q qfthltgo'ii, nftd6'k6. Kai qoKtdo't peddled on. And house he saw, up (on the bank). Village below xftnno'i tgCin qOtdO'xOdl'ftrhl. Yitqcft^K'n g6k'6'q nttco'q: deer bones thrown over the bank. Below that place fat much : aqaqft'hltdlk, «Go6te' i go'n,'* rne'6*6n. Aq^qfi'hltdflc kai and, «Here it this," he thinks. Then village Wko^yo^ Kehlft'kdft q6ya'n' yOq qo^fto'n, yitho'Itsft tso he got out. One only house there was, add caches lO yrtil Ion, yitqo'no. XOnno'i tgtin ylhl lo'n yOq qofi'ftq. also many, at the same Deer bones also many house outside, time. Yitho'rtsfl qwfttdineyo'. Kehlfi'kftn yla'n' no'k^ihlon yit. And he went in. One only woman there. Yi'nthlkga'dz yftqho'tsfi. Qdyi'hl dl'n'nl nd'kaihlon, She stares altogether. And then says woman, "De'nna llo'-tcl qedla'n," yf'hlnt. Q6yth\ ybqgKtsi' dt'n'nt, "Men I didn't there were," she said. And then Raven says, suppose ^'Se'tdu'gti de'nna khwftl qwftta', rnfs6^6n/ yfhlni. Yitho'- *I too men none perhaps, thought," he said. And 15 Itsft yitlo'gftdftxaitrft ne'dlan. DahWnnf' yo'qgftsi nnt, she gave him meat. But Raven says, "Ne'dlaii wOk'ft'tdfilsta'ftzftn', vwftdrslnya'q i,» yt'hlnt; *Meat I do not want, I am tired of it," he says; "hll'akfi zro k'a't," yt'hlnK. Hlf'akft yitlo'ftdfixaitrlft, yft'- *fish only I want," he said. Fish she gave him, xaih6^n yitho'itsftn'. AqAqO'hltdlk vwO kain'n ni'lddiyo^ he ate also. Then her husband came back. ^'Isda'!'' yfhlnl. **D6'nna llo'-fitd' qedla'n," yfhlnt. Q6yfhl "Friend!" he said. "Men I didn't there were," he said. And then suppose ' See p. 36. Digitized by Google I20 ydqgrtsi', "Setdu'gO in d6'nna khwft'ldft in InK'sWen," Raven, *I too men where none, I thought," yfhlnl. AqaqO'hltdlk dS'nna ahn yl'hlnr, "Dg'nna 6x6 he said. llien man him said, '^Vs with tedo'flil k'w6?e'r" yl'hln!. "Viya'n'," nnl y6qgftsi'. "No will you stay ?*^ he said. *No," said Raven. **For setdu'gQ sO 6'6 qedla'n, s6 ge'g^fikai ylhl qedla'n/ yfhinl. I too my wife there is, my children also there are," he said. 5 «Wfntft' si yfhl nte'dolhl,' yrhlnl, "sft kai qwO'tsOn. Sfi "To-morrow me with you shall go," he said, "my village to. My kai M kai fixaidtfi'kft gruntain upon she went. Raging x0lltik6'k tsflqdyfhl. A'ntra tftn xfttdfi'q tcrii'tcr ylhl she runs also. Like ice moves trees with glntzfs getdi' nftU'tgtsft xlho'lhltsdn. Tcl'ft de'loi tcoq crashing very strong she going. Another mountain big k'6'dzftn qanci'yo. Nokha'gwi tdfmldzft ylhl qedla'ntdft upon she ascended. Stones flat also where there were lo qangiyo'. Oq6q6yl'hl tne'6(j6n, "Go nokh^gwi ylhl si she went up. And she thought, "These stones with my noq nthlk'o'dzftn nt'gdtatla^hl, st tdro'gft q6yfhl santdo'gft chest 1 both sides I will put, my breast also, my forehead qdyfhl," also." Ta qfin'nf. Aq^qd'hltdrk ntd6'k6i ni'Ittllfte'qtsfi qi'khwa niyi- they say. Then up to grow light for it he lo nlllfie'q; yitho'ttsft I'UCle'qtoq nnOfi'dfttle'q. Yitho'Itsd aqJL- watches 5 and as it grows light he is dressing. And qa'hltdlk tct de'loi yi'tsft antfttdo'fq, yitho'ftsft JLqaLqft'hlt- then again mountain to it he returns, and then dtk yft'kft qangiyo', i de'loi. Yitqwft'tsft 6'tdft yft'kftt that he again that moun- Whither always there ascends, tain. sraka'i nllantdo'n qwfi'tsftn yft^kft-qwo^nfttdo'i i i de^oi. boy when he was from (the there just the same it the moun- time when) tain. Aqaqft'hltdtk qe'nitla'n'. Trega' trftn'nf yft'kftt xftnno'i So he looks. Behold, they say, there deer 15 dihla'n ftq^f, treeJa innr kokwA^l. Qoni'hla'ntft\ trecJa't he gets where, behold, but none. When he looks behold, (does) around, xAnno'i kokhwfi'l. Yitqo'no, trun'ni', qo'xwftllle'hl. Nihl- deer none. Meanwhile, they say, it grows light. Both k'a'dzfttzftn' qonthlan. Too'stsftn trftn'nf, toka'q6 tcoq ways he looks. Southward, they say, tundra big qedla^n. Ena^ntsfttsftn, de1oi 6'q6deta^n, trftn'nf. Qogfi- there is. On the other side, mountains appeared, they say. Sun t See p. 51. Digitized by Google 139 too'Ihl k'fl dOqfl'di'yok, trftn'nf. QdyK'hl trtn'nf e'Mgfi't will rise as if it seems (it acted), they say. And they say, out toka'gtt qwfttco'q gftqftne'dzr q6'xw6gftd6hn qwft'tsftn' tundra big middle one side of toward ge'neto'ildfthn, tre^' trftn'nf , yftq qone'gft, qoyft'xfthlvwft^t. suddenly he saw, behold, they say, house fine, the curtain bellies out. Qw'Otda'ifli kw'atdK't q6nirhla'n, Innf kokhwO'l Gqa'l! Did he not just now look, but nothing there! 5 Yitho'itsfi trfln'nl', Ine'fi^en an kw6tt6'x6dfllen, "Drnfta And they say, he thinks, he the young man, *^I believe [I had better,] qwft'tsfttWfeo'i," rne'ft^gn. Aqaqft'hltdtk tdft kVi' yit ni'- I will go to it," he thinks. Then his arrows there he yinelo^ tdft xfthl yihl, aqStqft'hltdik yit-qwft'tsft taciyo' put down, his pack also, then thither he went e'iWgft' yit. Aqaqft'hltdlk yit neyo'. Tre^a', trftn'nf, yftq out there. Then there became. Lo, they say, house qwftta' qaizre'n, trftn'nf. Aqaqft'hltdlk qwfttdo'i neyo'. how fine, they say. Then doorway he came. lo Aqaqft'hltdtk nffi'ftxfl qonlhla'n. Yitho'ltsft trftn'nf, qo- Then around he looks. And they say, outside nihla'n Inn!" tso ftkhwfi'l, trOn'nt'. TOn qdyl'hl dfkk he looks but cache none, they say. Path also for (tracks) qonlhla'n, tnnf de'nna tOn kokhwO^, trOn'nf. Aqaqft'hlt- he look, but man^s path none, they say. Then (track) dik qo'yoftdihla'n, trftn'nf. Ine'fl(j6n, trCin'nr, ''De'nna- he meditates, they say. He thinks, they say, *Men cr6' qedla'ntCi go qwCi'tsfl tasoV ine'ft*6n. Aqatqft'hltdik, I wonder there are here whither I am he thinks. Then, whether going," 15 trftn'nf, qwCitdfl tacHyo', trftn'nf. Sliyft'kft tcahl-yft'kft they say, in he went, they say. Down into the vestibule qai^yoxaiy o^ qwCi'dtnlhltce'^A k' ftgqftnthlne'k . Tre(Ja', he went, curtain he pushed aside. Lo, trftn'nf, wiyl'hl qil'tllftma'k. Aqaqflhltdrk qwd'tdlnneyo', they say, suddenly very light. Then he went in, (or with him) trfln'nf. Y6q kgI'dzCiyurz tre S5'q6Jii1 yit ddqaifillyo'k, "you have come into my life," as in English use. a See p. 53. Digitized by Google iyfi'qft-qdzrd' wi'ihlantltdya'k-k'Cl dftdiyok. Yfl'kfit go suddenly as if he were asleep he became There here [did]. y6'x6ntg6't nnlneyo'. Q6yfhl go dftdiyo'k. Vwiyfhl nda' out in front of he went. And this befell. With him where qai See p. 55. Digitized by Google 148 tcedl! Aqaqd'hltdJk, trGn'nt', qaiyanttlyo'ii, trOn'nt'. a hpy! Then, they say, they brought him up, they say. QwGtdiga'hl, trCin'nl', k'wAtfi'tiyo, trfin'nf. Aqaqft'hltdlk At last, they say, he began to walk, they say. Then de'hlnt, trtn' hi\ "UtdCi he gofita'dz q6ya'n' dOtasta'hltsft he says, they say, "Forever, then, thus always must I do go'Ot he?" yrhlnl. here ?" he said. 5 Q6yfhl trftn nf, dftnnl yCi'kftn nd'kAihlon, ''He, nta'dzfl- And they say, says the woman, *? what hfiq-dfite'rtthltsfi, at dfttenf ?** yfhlnl. *'T6'q6xwftdlffi he thinks. **To get I have ' where lo vwftzro' tctn/ !ne'ft^6n, ''vwdzro td xfinno'i afkk isi^'n that^s why," he thinks, "deer to get 1 have tiq&X xftnno'i ftkhwdT ine'ft^gn, trfin nf . Ine'ft^gn, 6q6q6- where, deer none," he thinks, they say. * He thinks, and yrhl yd'kftn vwd tit de'hlnl trftn'nl', ^'Nda'-tdn gftsftn she his wife says to they say, "Why evil him, k waye'niiidfcft'k/ yfhlnl an t'dft kaifi' yitho'ltsG de'hlnl are you thinking within says she to her husband; and says to yourself?" him an t'dd kai'ii', **Agtlde'-qwAta^iCii gon nffieyo'ton," yfhlnf, she to her husband, "Ever since here you came," she says, 15 trCin'nf, ^'yft'kftt-yit-qwft'tsftn' k wAye^ntadCidYk y6qho'ts6 they say, "that time since you have been thinking everything n6'q6yo'i nftla'n hfi'kftdlsta','' yrhlnf. Yitho'Itsft trfin'nf, in your mind I see apparently," she said. And they say, de'hlnt yft'kOn ntt'kaihlon, "Agflde't dS'nna 6'q6 eiiizre'n says to that woman, "That it us for thou art him good tClqo'ftft'n, d6'nna yftq nrtsftn trftqoya'n' trbqbneon," yl^hlnt because of, our house to thee visibly we showed," she said. 1 That is, I had n6 luck. Digitized by Google ISO Aqaqft'hltdfk trftn'nf, an tcedl an dftnne'tsftn,i **Sl tticnft- Then, they say, he man he speaking, **My parents kai Atdigrfi'' ft'xwAllftk qavwiye''tsr qav6xwft'n' 9r6 qav6'x6 I wonder a little their breath [by] them per- as to them (about) them haps not deM'sft^t," yt'hlnt, trftn'nt'. "Agfide't," yl'hlnt vvft d't. I am thinking," he said, they say. *^There it is," said his wife. ''Kogftde' tennfqtft n6qw6'dahW6't go'ft nineyo'tft,'' yrhlnf. "Here it is four seasons here when (since) you she said. came," 5 "He!" yl'hlnt, trftn'nr'. «Gan hftq tcln? TgnnrqtG qbya'n' "What!" he said, they say. "What's this too? Four (nighte) only naso'Ihl ftlle'-tcWnt'sdJgn," yfhlnr. "Kw^tde'dl nfifi'n I slept I supposed," he said. 'Because yonder fetft'n q6yf'hI-n6q6doft(?I'hltsft qbyl'hl-trdnrdenne'gft," yfhlnJ. outside a year's weather you don't know how it passed," she said. "Kogddet q6yfhl-g!hlosna'llfidCl nd'qfltoftdfhltfi go'flt qwft'- ^This is the fifth year now almost tsan-qwfttdfi^f'hl,' yl'hlnt. "Kogfide't qwdtft'n dfinna'd- over," she said. "This is [by] us lo xwftn ntneyo'tsft hdk'Cl' nG'qGne'fKMf," yf'hlnl, "H6? you came like as it has become,^ she said. ''So?'* yf'hlnl. 'getfl'n hS qonftla'n hfi-qil q6ythl tasnnl'q?" he said. ^'Outside do I see so that I know how it passes?" yrhlnr. "getft'n he qonfnfhla'nhe'-ftqa'r ?" yrhlnt. Aqi- she said. '^Outside then do you want to see?" she said. Then, qO'hltdlk trdiv'nl', «Gnfl tcCinehfl'iq," yrhlnl. Aqaqd'hltdlk they say, "Come, go out!" she said. Then tgClneyo', trGn'nf. AqJLqft'hltdlk qainftla'n, trftn'nt'. Tre^a' he went out, they say. Then he looks, they say. Lo, 15 trCin'nf, qa'itsftn' qo'xwft-yCi'qai-qo'gftgCl't, trCin^nf. Aqii- they say, autumn is past, they say. Then qft'hltdlk yfl'q qwOtdrnlddiyo'. Aq^qd'hltdrk de'hlnl trftn'nr', house he went into. Then says he, they say, ^Si tiignCikai qaVwd qonfgCi a'kA nftqonf'gfta'n," yfhlnl. **My parents their report after I want to look," he said. "£',' yr'hlnt, trCin'nt'. "Gi'lti wf'nt6 vwa'ndqfthltse'gfl *Yes," she said, they say. "Come, to-morrow early qwft'tl tcrCltcr lla'i A'ka teho'rq!" yl'hlnf. AqaqG'hltdtk, sled timber for after go thou!" she said. Then, > See p. 56. » Digitized by Google trGn'nl' wrntfi", vwti'nOqGhltse'ga, t'rane'fi^6t, iqaqfi'htdlk they say to-morrow, early, he got up, then qwft'tl tcrfttcr Ua'i A'ka ta^iyo', trftn nf. Aq^qft'hltdlk sled timber for after he went, they say. Then, trftn nf, qwft'tl tcrfttcr lla'i b'qbdenni' dftxfthla'n, trftn nl'. they say, sled timber for quickly he got, they say. Aqaqa'hltdtk trftn nf , ka'i niyidalyo'. Yitho'ttsft yitttlzra'k Then, they say, village he returned And whittled with. 5 zro. Qw6'tl tcrfttcr niyidalyo' yitltlzra'k 6q5d6nni'. Aqa,- only. Sled timber he brought he whittled hastily. Then qft'hltdrk yit-wfntadft yftkftnthlne'k. Aq^qd'hltdtk wfntftdft on the second day he finished. Then . to-morrow aqaqft'hltdtk vwft O't, "Sftde'tdtt'gQ dffifta ni ythl digfe- then his wife, "I too better you with go,** t'a'n," yfhlnr. "£cr6"elr'n0n," yi'hlnl. Aqaqfl'hltdlk qwfi'tl she said. **! don^t know, he said. Then the sled (as you please,)" yeg6ft'qftxaill6'\ Aq^qft'hltdrk yft'kai i qwfitl dCi'kaiyidf- he put into. Then that it sled he packed lo nJhltsya'k. Aqaqft'hltdrk de'hlni an tce'dl, "Gi'W'd full. Then says to him the man, . "Now fl'tdrcr6"6 de'nna q6(?n yft qw6tf'hltde'llirn r.r6"6, an," maybe human society that she would not care for maybe, she," yl'hlnr yt'ktin n6'kaihlon vo'n. "£cr6"ellfi"," dftnnl an said the woman^s mother. '^I donH know," says he tce'dl. Dl'tnnI an nb'kaihlon (von), 'Gflft tfinnfqtfl dran the roan. Says she the woman the 'Come, four days (mother), yia'n' doqta'n/ qw6'hlnl. «£'," nnf. Yitqwft'tsft trtnni\ only spend," she says to "Yes," he And, they say, them. says. 15 ta'dzft de'hlnt, trftn'ni', tct. "Nftgl'ftCi kai nCiqfio'rsdfi, thus says she, they say, also. "Down at village when you come, gf'lCl yCi'kftn hi kehlO'kftn xaidlft'dn," yl'hlnt, "gl'lfi flmmft- now him thy partner who used to be," she said, "now beware nantfe'ftxan-hloCina', yl^hlnt, — ft'mm(linant6'ftxan-hlofina' of, ' she said, — beware ye^gfi gftsCintfi'' na'ta^ftnftfi, ye'gft gttsCin na'ta^nftfi, then when danger if she tells you, that evil if she tells you, vo'xwfln' y6'qh6 tCxwCl nft'qfttflxaio'len," ylhlnl, «no concerning it she gives you warning," she said, "why, Digitized by Google 152 a'ftdfl"0 ni-te'-nna'xfl gt'tsCi dCitenlfhl," ythlnl. "Slo an if thou shouldst even thou evil wouldst do," she said. ^Why, she (do that) v6'x6(Jedo'n6n dfe'nna qoM-ylt crfe^'d qbtfhltrhl,'' yfhlnK. with whom thou man^s society I doubt she will care she said, livest for,'' ^'Islo^ nffiflkha'g6qw6tde'nni ftxaillft'' tsftqoya'n'," yfhlnt. **Why, human she is not at all," she said. "Gfla^'fi, go tfi^o'qo'rtsda'fl, gflft go yOq qo^'dd," yK'hlnr, *Now, here when you (two) leave, now this house not far from," she said, 5 "g^'lG go yftk qi'ka ntgenoqdato'rhl," ylChlnt Aq^q^'hlt- **now this house for look," she said. Then dik qfttf^o'tts, trfin'nr. Yft'ka qd'tdft ge'gfe kgJ'dzft ythl they left, they say. That their child little also qwfttl ye qaiya'xOhltan. Aq^qd'hltdtk qfitf^o'Its. AqJl- sled in they put. Then they left. Then qO'hltdKk vwfl kai'n' an gftdftdetdo', trfin'nl', vwft ti't ylhl the husband he pulled, they say; the wife also yidlhlne'k, trftn'nt'. Aqaqft'hltdtk qwfttf^fto'Its, tran'ni'. pushed, they say. So they left, they say. lO Aqaqft'hltdrk yft'kftt yfiq qA'qwi nl'gdqenlfOto'n. TreoV, Then that house for they looked. Lo, trftn'nf, yft'kfi yflk kokwft'l. Aqaqd'hitdtk nitgfnft qflna- they say, that house gone. Then "down" they ^othl, aqaqa'hltdtk wlfntfl tci n6'q6dicto'tts, trtin'nt'. Aqi- slept, and to-morrow also they went on, they say. Then qa'hltdlk kai tsfi'ndqodftlnt'n, tran'nf. Qa'vwGgft kwfttt6'- village came in sight, they say. Their young xd^nifin vwGqa'i^nfl'xCin dtdiyf hi nfiqo'Ihlta'hl, qfinne'dtsG, men the lost one with him is bringing saying, (some one), 15 trtin'nf, crfhlqfidt'll6xw6'rz trfin'nl', yti'kti kai qwdta'n. they say, . shouted (pL), they say, that village people. Aqaqd'hltdlk ka'i qdneo'fts, trftn'nl. Aqiq^'hltdtk t6'k6- Then village they arrived, they say. Then they qagda'tl, trftn'nf. Aqaqft'hltdtk yft'kCin tce'dl von qo'- went up, they say. Then the man^s mother they xwftqfttft'qftneda'tl, trfin'nf . " Si yu'rz," fiqahlne'tsftn, went to her house, they say. **My child," saying to him, qaiy 6'x6tagtro'rt. Yft'kftn qai - y6 - li't - ylhl - q6x6tagtro'rt. they caressed [loved] him. She they-his-wife-also-caressed. t See p. 57. Digitized by Google 153 YO'kAn qftdftltge'i, nta'dzu-tct dftqftyo'xwCilla'q, trort a'qa, They dwellers, anything were ready to do, love using^ trdin'n!'. AqaLqft'hltdtk yft'kftn von ntgenagtga'ftq, trftn'nf. they say. Then the mother made ice-cream, they say. Aqiiqft'hltdfk qwfttlo'gftdftxaltrft, trtin nf . Yitqo'no, trftn'nf , Then she gave to them, they say. Meanwhile, they say, de'hlnl an, tdft kai'ri, trftn'nf, "D^'nna qo^il-yft tr6'q6na- says she, to her husband, they say, '^Men^s society I am not 5 gftde't," yf'hlnt. Aq^qft'hltdrk qahltsti'n nfl'qftne'ft^Ot, used to," she said. Then evening , it became, qe'nactrft, trftn'nf. "Go gHft si fto'n qav6'xd eneta'iq," bedtime, they say. **Here now my mother [by] them lie down," yt'hlnt «No nfyt'kti setdft', 'S6'x6 e'neta'iq,' sfhlnf,' yfhlnr. he said. **For in(kashime) my ^By me lie thou,* says to He said. cousin, me," Dahhnnt", trfin'nt', yd'x6tagtsti'n' an, vwft ti't. «DahKnnf* But, they say, (she) became un- she his wife. "But willing to let him go, fliy6'kCi h6k'(i't," tdata'fWmt", trtinni', ya'kftn vwO kai'ft'. in(kashime) I want," he told her, they say, he her husband. lo Qwfttdtga'hl, trftn'nf, "£cre"elfnfin," yf'hln!, trfin'nt'. At length, they say, *As you please," she said, they say. Yitholtsfi trtn'nl', yfl'kai ye'deta'nn qft'hltcf, trtin'nir'. And they say, that in which he he took, they say. lies (i.e., bed) fliyft'kft trahltce't qbta'^iyo', trftn'ni. AqaLqft'hltdKk tdetdft' In kashime he went, they say. Then his cousin dxwCi^n' enagta'n, trftn'nl. Nlhlo'i-gft^qftd(!it0''q, yttq nne^zr, by he lay down, they say. Head to head, house middle, trdn'nr. Aqaiqft'hltdlk qb'qbtWtno', tg6'tdftne'nag, trtin'nl'. they say. Then they fell to talking, all night, they say. 15 Te^gfi-a'n nIhlnd'xwCihl ntdft^qaiqftxft'deto'Irsr, trCin'nt'. So then each other they tell what has happened, they say. Aqaqft'hltdtk yft'kflt tceyfl'kfi ^fetdo'nn nn!', trftn'nl', TheD that (one) there always who lived said, they say, «5lfia'n gVlti sO tt't tsfin tganeho'fq,' yfhlnl, triln'nt'; •Yonder now my wife to go thou in," he said, they say; •yitholtsfl sftdetcf M Q't tsft tgfttaso'Ihl." Dahllfnnl" ya'kftn *and I too thy wife to will go in." But that one nne'gti, y^hlnl, trGn'nf, ^'No nfnftkha'gbqwfttde'nna xailfl'' nice, said, they say, *^But human is not Digitized by Google 154 an vd'xOdfedo'n," yl'hlni, trfin'rif. Dahllnnt" trtihnf, she with whom I live," he said, they say. But, they say, "Cnft"," ylfhlnr', trfin'nt', yft'kftn kehlCl'kfin. "Dahhnnl". **Go on!" he says, they say, that one other one. "But, £nna'g6," yf'hlnt fihlte'. DahUnnf yfi'kfin kehla'kfin, I'm not he said often. But the other, willing," "Grta"," yi'hlnl. QwCltdlga'hl, trtm'nf, ''£cre"elr'n6n,» •Come on!" said. At length, they say, "I don't care," 5 yfhlnl, trfm'nl'. Tsa'n, tsCln, yft'kftn fihlte't kai fl(J6tdo'n6n he said, they say. So, then, he always village dweller yft'kfin neyo'ngn vwft ti't tsft taeJiyo', trftn'nf . Tsa^n tsftn, he who came his wife to went, they say. So then, yitho'ttsftn, yi ti't tsCl td qwfitdCltatacJiyb', trftn'nf.^ AqJL- also, his wife to also he went in unto, they say. Then qft'hltdlk yft'kdn neyo^nfen vwft ti't tsd qwft'tdAta(Hyo'n6n he who came his wife to who went in gahlyft'kft qa'iyiglnoit'e^n ^qiiqft'hltdfk niyfi'kft yft'q qwftt- entrance crept, then ■ down house he lo drneyo', trtin'hi'. Tre^', trdn'nf, nlnn6'k6 wtilhtahltft'n entered, they say. Lo, ' they say, back there, sleeps n6kaichlo'n. Yitho'ttsCl trftn'nf, yi'tsfita^yo', tran'nf the woman. And, they say, he went to her, they say. AqJLqCl'hltdrk, go'ftt yfik'Cl'cJft toq ta^yo', trCin'nf. Aqi Then here her side at the he went, they say. Then, bed qft'hltdJk trfin'nr, yrnthlne^k, trftn'nr. O'qbqbyrhl trftn'nr, they say, he pushed her, they say. And then, they say, yfiqho'tsft trfldniaxag, yfi'kaii yft'kftn nb'kaihlon, trftn nf very greatly she was that the woman, they say. frightened, 15 Yi'nthlne'k qoyfhl. Yitho'ftsft vwftkhwa'l, trftn'nt'. Yit He pushed her also. And she was gone, they say. qwfi'tsftn' trftn nf, gantfigiyo', trfin'nf . Yitho'ltsfi trdn'tif Then, they say, he went out, they say. And, they say, niyft'kfi tdi yft'q qwfttdMddiyo'. Aq^qd'hltdrk trfin'nf into his house he entered. Then, they say, yft'kfin tce'dl tci neyo'nn, yfiq qwft'tdlnfddiyo'. Yitho'ltsft the man also who came, house entered. And, trftn'nf , ta'dzCl trftn'nf yinb'xbhl dfitfixainnf . Yi'tqoiyft'kft they say, what had they say to him he told. Afterward happened, » See p. 58. Digitized by Google 155 no'ftn-k' See p. 62. II— PUBt. AMER. ETHN. SOC. VOL. VI. Digitized by Google l62 nKgetl6'k, trecJa' n dothlto'l yft. 6'qdq6yt'hl yi'tsfi xa- he laughed, lo, there moon in. And toward he her ho'ihl, yo'xwftn' ntneyo'. "Nta'dzCl te'nt?' yt'hlnt «5Jo went, by her he came. "How say you?" he said. "Why, gyOlcai trftma'izrftk yfi'xaitsl's," yfhlnl, Yitho'ttsftn' hUt'kt those beads he smashed,*' she said. And up yCiq qott6'qsn nlneyo' 6y65 i't-qa, ho." Qwfitdo'Indltikgb'k, nahltct'ttsan. Nrtiltrt'c i't-qa, ho.^ She ran in, afraid. Wolverene ni'yidoKhltd'c, tdu'u hClk'ft', yi fttda'n yfiqfida'dlntq, 6q6q6- she put on, parka like, it herself she pulled around, and yl'hl vwa dan qecikw6'dzfi; yitho'Itsft tda no'fthltci'dl yft its throat (was) scanty; and her work-bag in n6qo'rtyaq, qttyt'hl da'ndtdf'gft rhltcft, qanylftlkwat. Yitho'- she searched, and striped (piece) she took, she patched it. And 5 rtstl tci'Cl ta'dzti dehla'n, tci'ft fttda'n yftqftda'dlntq, qftyfhl again so she did, again herself she pulled it around, and then, ftrtco'xa a'cdat. Tci'a tda no'thltci'dl yit ndqc'tlyiq. big enough it became. Again her work-bag in she searched. NKhltrlf'g ftxaif' nne'gft thltco'n. Tdft ^o' yfixaillo'. No'ftn- Wolverene its teeth fine she found. Her mouth she put them She (into). diyellyo feyft'kfti nKhltrfg tdft^'ft, yd xSLf ythl, tgantS'tliik- took off that wolverene parka, its teeth also, she ran out, gdk, tganTTddiyo. Tre(Ja' * nihlkb'tsftdfi ddqfttdfhl. Qai- she went out. Lo, near by they were They coming. lo ylhltgo'n, yft'kaidttltge', tci'ft gftqaita'gtlr, **A-ye'q-ya, ya- saw her, they sat down, again they sang, **A-ye'q-ya, ya- ya^q-ya, ho. Teen Tui^tdjySlk, Tt-qa, ho." Qwd'tdolnHiik- ya'q-ya, ho. Teen Tui'idjyJlk, i't-qa, ho." She ran in, g6k, nrhltrfg tdft'^ft no'flni'dottiltdg, yftxSLl' ylhl tdft ^o' wolverene parka she put on again, its teeth also her mouth nft'xaillo'. Aqiqfi'hltdlk yflq nihltce'n t6tltikg6'k, nihltri't she put (into). Then house around (inside) she ran, wolverene nlla'ntsftn. fJftb'qsn qClta'gdathl, nthlkga'd^ft qaqa'intlkga'itg being. On top they went apart they tore 15 qft'tdl xil a'qa, yitqo'fio nthltce'n qdllOkgd'k gyd'ka n6'- their teeth with, while laround ran the kaihlon, nlhltrfg fifla'ntsftn. Qa\w(ixaidt(i''kfi tgfiehltloq woman, wolverene being. Among them dashed i nthltri'c, qwa tft'fi tetltikgo'k yitho'ttsftn'. Qa'iyinlhlfta'n the wolverene, their path she ran also. They looked tr6q6zro^ Yft'kft tcl qaiyCi'kftxaida'tl, qa'iyenagda'tl yitho^- only. There too they went there, they followed her also. Itsfin'. Yitqo'fio nahltcfttsft xSLhltlfhl. Too'Kdzft nlhlkb'dzft Meanwhile afraid she bounded. Over here near by ' See p. 64. Digitized by Google 1 66 qaiyitlo'iftxCitdlf^hl. Tftn qotgk'ft'^ft dgtla'fi t^og qo'ndfixaio', they went after her. Path beside spruce big stood, yt'tliyt'hl. Nftdft'kfl detla'n k'ft qfttlftkg6'k. Qa'i-ya-xo'i- she caught it. Up spruce on she ran. They-her-under- yftq-q6zro'-gftsan6x6dfhl, nftdft'kft qa'iyinlhlfta'n tr6q6zro^ only-circled about, up they looked only. Oqbqbyfhl tdK tsft'xft yurz tWfio'n. "Sfaxayg',' qwd'hlnl, Then her hood little she pushed "My brothers," she said to back. them, 5 "gt'lft xftnno^i doqhla'ntoq, s6'qw5 gt tco't qbzrb' nfiqoq- **do, deer when you get, for me its entrails only leave," lla'iq," qw6'hln1f. Oq6q6yrhl qai'-y6'xw6-ta'gdatlh. Yitho'- she said to Then they-from hcr-went. And them. ftsftn' no'ftnftqwft'tdiyo nb'kaihlon, yitho'ltsfi fttde'tdu'gd she came down, the woman, and she too gttde'ftxft ta'^iyo. away went. II. The Young Man and the Dog-Sisters. Kai q6(Jfio'n, trftn nf. Yitho'ftsft trftnnf, tcedl trfga- Village there was, they say. And they say, man unwilling ID dlhltft'xCin qedla'n. YithoKtsft trftnnf, n6'k6hlta'hlnTj'kai vwft kha'dthi tsft he began to then that its root to- rest; ward genagton. AqiquTiItdflc triin'nf', giye'ma teku' vo'xwu he looked. So then, thej say, masks two on it dello', trun'nf, giye'ma tl6^aku yurz teku', trun'nf'. Def- were they say, masks wretched little two, they say. He hanging, 5 ne'iWen, trun'ni', yu'kun kwuttd'xO^ill^n, •Tdo'i huq thought, they say, that young man, 'Orer there va'qa-nta'dzu-duqaita' i ?' fne'6^6n, trun'nf. Yitho'ltsu what about it?" i he thinks, they say. And, trun'nf, yb'xdnneyo^ Go'ut y6'xonn6'x6ho'rtil qoyfhl, tdt they say, he went to (them). This he came to just as, his 16" a'qa yitftltcr't. Oqdqdyt'hl, trun'nl', yu'kai gyukha'ddu hand with he was about And then, they say, that rout to take. tcridzr vwti'nuqaiWnu'q, trun'nf. wood vanished [was lost], they say. lo Aqaqu'hltdfk* nKtdu'ku hdk u't vwu gelle'n k u drddtyo'k, Then up he wants his strong as if operated, desire trun'nf. Nftdu'ku yu'qai td6'k6ta^'yo', trun'nf. Te'gft they say. Up there he went up^ they say. Here xaho%l qbyfhl, trecJa" doiyu^qai tun qedla^'n, trun'nf. he goes as, lo, down (at his path there is, they say. feet) Te'ge yu'qai tuft ta^yo', trun'nf. Aqaqu^hltdflc ntnn6'k6 Here that path he went, they say. Then back (from the river) yuq qwutlya'ku qbyu'rz qo'nuquxaib'', trun'nf. Yit qwu'tsu house wretched little stood, they say. It toward 15 xaho'thl, trun'nf. Qwutdo'i nlneyo^ trun'nf. TreeJa, he went, they say. Door he went (to), they say. Lo, trun'nf, yit yfl^'qai giye^'ma qwutdo^'i nlhl6x6k'oMzii qo'- they say, there those masks door each side of were xwudella', trun'nf, qwutda'iui nltgfnu gyukhaMW bxwu'n' hanging, they say, the same down below root upon [at] 1 That is, how did those things come to be there? 2 See p. 67. Digitized by Google 17-3 qo'^xwuduxaillb^'d, qwutda^'iui nttgfiiu giye'ma yi'nuxuhlan were hanging, the same down below masks he saw V^ i; trun'nf, yit qwutdo'i i, trun'nf, nlhl6k'o'fdzu yit them, they say, there door they, they say, each side of there those; qo'^xwudello'', trun'nt^ Qwutda'iui nltgffiu yi^'nuxuhla^'n, they hung, they say. The same down below he saw, trun'nr', treda', trun'nt', i. Aqaqu'hltdlk, "Dfiiltta qwu't- they say, lo, they say, it Then, "Suppose I go (is). 5 dK^so'i," tne'uden, trun'nt'. Yitho'ttsu, trun'nf, qwutdu- in," he thought, they say. And, they say, he was ta^yo^ Qwu'tdfneyo', yu^'qu tl6'aku trbqaidtu'qtsun tnnf ' going in. He went in, house wretched bad notwith- standing getdr. Qttyfhl dona'n ge'nagto'n, trun'nf. TrecJa' trun'nf , very. At once across he looked, they say. Lo, they say, (the room) vwftsu gt'trunagtcft. Dofia'n td ge^'nagto^'n, trun'nf. at him some one was Across again he looked (in they say. scowling. another direction), Tre^a' trun'nf vwl'tsu ga^rzrthlxwu'n', • trun'nf . Treda' There, they say, at him some one growled, they say. Lo, lo trun'nl', n6'k6hlta'hln tlfi'aku no'utfin, trun'nt', kgha'in'yfi'; they say, women wretched two, they say, withered; hlfrkac k'ghw6sr yia'n', triin'nr, uqu'tltlfi'n. Qa'vwii kQcr dog-skin filthy altogether, they say, they wore. Their mittens yflil qa'vwu katre^'gu- ythl qaVwu tda'gu ythl yela'n i also their moccasins also their parkas also are it hlHka'g, trun'nf . Td6xwo'n qaVwuxu-dgnne^gutzun', trun'nf . dog-skin, they say. Fur they wore not, they say. Gan tct x6wull6'' yit yuq. Yuqhb'dzu trun'nf, hlats zro' Some- else there was not there house. All they say, dirt only thing (or that) 15 vwuqa'idlan, trun'nf. Ye'g6 fnnr de'nna-de'loi ukhwu'l, ^ there was, they say. There even clothing none, trun'nK'. Yitho'ftsu trun'nK', ntnnu'qai nineyo^ trun'nl^ they say. And, they say, back of the he went, they say. room Yuqfltagdb", trunnf. Tgo ythl a'Udu. «Nda' qwutlya'k He sat down, they say. Bowls also none. "How wretched Digitized by Google 1/4 go'ut qwutdlnisso',* fne^u^6n, trun'nf. Aq^quliltdik tnin'nf , this I have entered!'* be thought, they nj. ThcxL, tbey say, cno^sn'hitQ€% triin'nl^, uqo'itsu tduqu'n'ni. •]Soxwu'n' huq across in the comer thej say, from thej spoke to ^Yonder toward the door, him. gan dfhla'n 4hn?' qi'yrhlnl, trun'ni'. 'De'Dna qo'yo k'u a't what ishedoiog he?"* they said, tbey say. 'Our wisdom be- it cause of was de'nna tsu tayo'," ql'yrtiinf, trun'nf. 'Agude' d^'nna o'xO us to yon they said, they say. *No#, thea, us beside came," 5 cantrjedo'rltzftn',* qi'ylhlnl. Yitho'ftsu trun'ni', yadzugu'- you shall not go ont from,** they said. And, they say, qutrdtcl'g. Aqlqu'hltdrk, trun'nf', n6'q6drtilkhw6'n, trun'nf'. they took off Then, they say, (one) made the fire, they say. the cnrtain. Tsan aqlqu'hltdflc, hlats e^^ok k'ug tca'uxu n6qune6'n, So then, earth (clay) bowl piece of fire at they put, q6yi^hl qa''i-yi-yf^t-e''gok-gyuxail6'\ trun'nf . Aqiqu^hltdik and they-it-in-pot-put, they say. Then qb^qddft'xuhlkwun qoftlo'xb qwu'tdongft'qftnthltclg. Yitho'- they had made a fire ' after they put on the curtain. And lo Itsu gyu'qdtacJo'n, trun'nf. T6'kftgok k'udzu, trun'nf, they began to eat, they say. Wooden spoon on, they say, qa'iyitlo'guduxaitrft. Qa^iyitsuya'trtltsftl, trunnf. «I i they gave him food. They threw it at him, they say. 'That it gr'lu fiuho'n," qa'iyrhlnl, trun'nl'. "5Jo, tlcJasse'Itzun'," come now eat!" they said, they say. *^Why, I shall not eat," yfhlnf, trun'nf. ^'GHu yu'qhbn wuk'uMzu-truxoqtltii'qdu he said, they say. ^Come now, you what is worse than you are dqho'n i," qwd'hlnl, trun'tif. Qbyl'hl, trun'nlt', de'hlnl, eat ye it!" he said to they say. Also, they say, said (one), them, 15 triin'nf, "To'unna'uq gan-nnaxu deho'n?" yl'hlnlt, trun'nf. they say, "Then what else do you eat ?" said (one) they say. (what kind of food) to him, •iNio, o'rtsu-dftru'xaihltu'xu khat s! iio'n st nthlya'ltzu," * *Why, such bad (stuff) as that my mother me did not bring me up (upon)," yfhlnl. Gftcahlt'6'' vwa'rdzr gbxo^xwu vwa^rdzr ythl he said. Salmon-tails cooked pectorals cooked also 1 See p. 68. Digitized by Google 175 yuqhb'dzu ghw6sr yia'n' hlats yta^'n' tsuqbytTil, trun'nf. all dirt wholly earth wholly also, they say. "finna'xu te'g6 sfto'ukhwu'l," Ine'u^gn, trun'nf. Yuqh6'tsu ^Just as well here I should die," he thought, they say. Just as q6zro' tdu^qiituxainnftsun yu'qai tagdo^ trun'nf. only they said to him there he remained, they say. Oq6q6yfhl, trun'nf, yu'kun n6k6hlta'hln qo^xuqwutdtn- And, they say, those women to whom he had 5 neyo^nfin qainagta'n, trun'nf. Qaihle'dzu nuqo'utftltJln, come made ready they say. Well made ready, for bed, trun'nf, 6q6q6yfhl trun'nf, eno^dzu yuq hbk'oMzu yit they say; and, they say, over room across there a^tdo'nSn tdl ta'l JLhltdfnuxuhlne'k trun'nf. Yitho'ftsu who staid her bed she picked up, they say. And, trun'nf, td6x6koMzu (j6tdo'n6n y6'xonninneyo^, trun'nf. they say, opposite her who stays to her she went, they say. Yo'xoinn5'qsn neyo', trun'nf. ''Gflii go'ut dfi'nna 6'xw6 By her she went, they say. "Come ! here us beside lo nneho'Iq,'' qa'ythlnf, trun'nf. ''No, dahWnnf yu'qh6 come thou!" they said, they say. **Why, nevertheless you 6xwu" ntf(Jaso'tltzun','' yfhlnl, trun'nf. OqOqOyfhl, trun'nf, to I will not go," he said, they say. So then, they say, qw6'hnq6y«il qa'i-yo'xw6n-i'lQkg6k, trun'nf. Qa'iyftWyfhl, suddenly they-to him-ran, they say. They caught him, trun'nf, qutdi yuq nuqa''iyinlhluxu''hl, trun'nf. Qa'i-yi- they say, their place they threw him down, they say. They-him- tftlk'gfnus, trun'nf. TaoNijre'hl, trftn'nf yO'kun kwutt6'- tickled, they say. He began to they say, the young scream, 15 x6(Jfll6n. Qwfitdtga'hl, trun'nf, vwfi kha'g6 quhltze'k, man. At length, they say, his surface painful, (of body) trun'nf. Aqaqu^hltdtk qaVwil Ibk'a^'iii tsun vwdl kha^g6 they say. So their claws by his body means of qfthltze'k, trun'nf. Wtihlantltdya'k, trun'nf. Te'ge wtihl- painful, they say. He went to sleep, they say. Here he ahltft'fi, trun'nf. Oq6q6yfhl t'rann'duWt, trun'nf. Ndado'ii slept, they say. And so he awoke, they say. How long since Digitized by Google 176 hl6' qaillftu'ntsun ? Treja^ trun'nf, yu'kfin qavwukhwul, indeed light? Lo, they say, they are gone, triin'nr'. Yitho'ftsii, trftn ni', tu'kunfgdo'n. Yitho'ftsu trun nr\ they say. And, they say, he got up. And they say, tgiita^^yo^. Tguta'(Hyo' innf , qu^'niigune'k, triin'ni'. ^60^ he (would have) He (would have) although he could not, they say. Yonder gone out. gone out, qwutdo^i qwutdiixaihltse'n, trun'nf. TVal i'hn duxihl- door closed, they say. Then he with all 5 tlftctsun n6'ot un-qu^'xuhlnfq Innf , qunucune'k, trun'nf. his might outwardly pushed although, he could not, they say. flftd6'k6 qbyrhl qwutdu'qaihltritcr ; qwutdigalil, trun'nf, up above also (curtain) fastened tight; at length, they say, yit tagdo', trun'nf. Td6'x6ne'uxu qwu'tsun ge^'nagtan, there he sits, they say. Behind him toward he looked, trun'nf. Treda', trun'nlf', nfnnfi'uxu qdyft suxuhldorhltllt'tg, they say. Lo, they say, back in there dark, trun'nf . Yuqit qaihleMzu qbnthla'n, dfi'^nna tgii'n qwuta'- they say. There well he looks, men's bones how 10 tcK lo'ii, trun'nr. Yitho'ltsu trun'nf, qo'youdlhla'n, trun'nf. many, they say. And, they say, he considers, they say. *'Qwutda^iui sK iion taMzu qoxwu'n' tdf-st-tuxainnf, ''How truly my mother thus about to me told, enna'xu-td dd'xwusta'n," rne'ud^n, trun'nf. 'Si uxuUe'td it makes no what becomes he thought, they say. ''I just difference of me," h6ku't qunna' dfetteatzun*," Ine'u(jen, trun'ni. Yu^q^l wanted advice I did not listen to," he thought, they say. There (to do as I pleased), tagdo', trun'nf . Su'quhltdutl'duo'n huk'u', trun'nr. QdyVhl he sat, they say. It became dusk as if, they say. Just then 15 fiuu'n qwu'tsun qbtcfl gyu'qutfgukarq h6k'u', trun'nf. yonder from the butt some one let fall as if, they say. (outside) heavily Islan' mWh\ h6k u', trun'nf. Oqbqbyfhl trun'ni', n6o' Earth shook as if, they say. And, they say, yonder qwutdo'i ya'dzugatftltsftl, trun'nf . Ahlouna'tcl, gyukha'dfju the door opened, they say. Well, well! root tcoq qwutdr'nqwutdrhltsfhl, trun'nf. Qwutdtnuqaito'ts, big they had closed it with, they say. They (two) came in, Digitized by Google 177 trun'nt'. Treda', trun'nlf, nthlu'n dna'Uai teal qolhlta'hl, they say. Lo, they say, the two dog-salmon tails were carryiDg, trCin nf . Yitholttsft trftn'nr, n6'q6q6dIhlkhwo'n. Yitho'ttsft they say. And, they say, they made a fire. And, trftn'nf , dnallai teal qaiyitattla'rtsr, trftn'nf . AqaLqft'hltdtk they say, dog-salmon tails they boiled, they say. Then tct te'kfttok yft'kai (ik'ft'dzCi tcl qa'iyitsft-ga'tftltsftl, trftn nf. also ladle that (food) upon also they threw it at him, they say. 5 *0'lts6 dfttrft'xaihltft^xft (Msso'ntsft h6, a't dfeoqhla'n?" ^'Such bad stuff do I eat ? that so you treat me ?** ftqwtt'hlnt, trftn'nf. •'Do'ftn-ha'ftq gan nne'gft deho'n?" he said to they say. *Is there, then, some- nice you will them, thing eat?^ qayhlnt, trftn'nl'.^ Yehe'ltzftn, trftn nf, td. Aq^qft^hltdlk they said, they say. He did not eat, they say, also. Then yft'qai tagdo', trAn'nf. *'Gan ftqft'dlfflft'gtsftn viya'n' toft- there he staid, they say. ^'How long a time without will (food) do'len no dttnnren?" qa'ylhlnt, trftn'nf. "Do'ftn-ha'ftq he go thus who speaks?^ they said, they say. 'Is it that lo dfetsa'n y6'qh6 tdfenftsftn h6, at sUlo'gftdoqtri'k?'' qw6'hlnf , I am you I said to then, that me you gave food?" he said to hungry them, trftn'nf. they say. Aqaqft'hltdlk td qenaftrft, trftn'nf . Yitholttsft trftn'nf , Then also they got ready they say. And, they say, to go to bed, eyft'kdt kaito'ii hdk'fi' dftqaiyielo'k td; qft'tdl yftq ndqa'i- that which yesterday like they did again ; their place they yil6xft'hl, trftn'nf. Tctn qa'iyftttlgrfifis. Qwfttdrga'hl trftn'nf, threw him, they say. Again they tickled him. At last, they say, 15 vwft khi'g6 trftn'nf, dthl qaigtlat, trftn'nf. Oq6q6yl'hl his skin, they say, blood(y) became, they say. And, trftn nf, trinb'xbdftcW'hl, trftn'nf. Innf nta'dzftqa'qa t^ftto- they say, he woke up, they say. But in no way (can) he ho'thl, trftn'nf. Td ftfto'ft q6yfhl ftttdft'kft qbyfhl qwft't- get out, they say. Again at the and above (at the also it is door smoke-hole) dtnftqaitltse'ntdft. Te'g6 dra'n, trftn'nf, yit- See p. 73- Digitized by Google i87 qo6fi'n, trOn'ni'. Qwdtdtga'hl, trtn'ni', yu'kun nb'kiihlon because, they say. At last, they say, the woman yfyeqcdo^tdlnffi, trftn*nf -, yOqho'tsu trdn^nf qwOtdo'qA'x- became angry, they say; wholly, they say, she killed eftxon, trftn^nf. Qw6t?ft'qu ddxa'Uo' td, trun'nf. Aqi- them, they say. Into the fire she put them also, they say. So qO^hltdik yit quta'cdo, trOn'nf, vw6 ka^i ylhl vwd s^'n there they staid, they say, its winter and its summer 5 yKhl yit qfttagdo'. also there they staid. Tsan qwutdfga'hl yit n(!iqaihlts6''n, trftnnf^ So at last that is fenced off, they say. 12. The TRfoUDlHLTU'xCN AND THE TwO BeaRS. Kai qbtco'q qb^fto'n, trun'nf. Trfga'rzrihltftq, trun'nf. Vil- big there was, they say. Some one who did they say. lage not want to marry, Tsan, yitho'rtsdn, trftn'nl', ga'gii ylhl qo'Gnqtldftdf'hl, de'loi So, then, and, they say, berries also they used to get, mountain tcoq ku'dzfl. Tsan, tci'ft trftn'nf, guqo'nuqfttWflda'tl, big upon. So, also they say, they started to get, lo trftn'nf; yitho'rtsun 6yft'k6n trfgddthltft'xftn qbyfhl dfiti?- they say; and the trfgiidThM'xiin also went tA,'n wiye^O yft, trOn'nf. Ena'n nftquta^gdathl. Tsan, canoe in, they say. Across they went. So, ga'gft tsfi tun qo'qftta'cdatl. Tsan, fiyft'kftn trfgftdlhltft'xGn berries to path they went. Now, that trl'gudThlti^'xun gfneha'ltzftn, yftqho'tsG wtihliaqa, trftn nf . Qwfttdfga'hl tdr did not pick very she was sleepy, they say. At length her, berries, te'ttgo'gfi yO'qiK dnello' qono^, trOn'nf, detla^n xoiyii'q bowl down she put while, they say, spruce under 15 nacta'n, trftn'nf, wQhlte'ntltdya'k. Oq6q6yf'hl, trftn'nf, she lay they say, went to sleep. And, they say, down, t*rane'du(?Gt, qa'iyidrno'rhltlf c, trun'nf , yitho'ltsu yi'nlhla'ntft, she awoke crowded, they say, and when she looked, trftn^nf , gi^yeOkgha^yukgft ntla^n. Tsan, tdn, wtihltantltdya'k, they say, brown bear it is. So, again she went to sleep, Digitized by Google 1 88 aqaquTiltdrk tu'kanlfdo'. Q^yf'hl, trftn'nf, no'uttfin dfi^nna then she got up. And also, they say, two men tcoq yit yO'qaidftltce'. Tdu qa'hlnl, trftn'nf, "DfMta M big there were there. Her they said, they say.^ *Let you tritltcft," qa'hlnl. Tsan qa'iylhltcft, trtin'nl'. Ydqho'tsu, US marry!** they said. So they took her, they say. Always, trftn'nf , etgffi ddqwuta'n, hle'ftkft a'kwa. Tsan, yit wf ntft they say, down at they worked, fish to get. So then, that day after the river 5 tctn. Tci etgffi do'nqwutdigtt'SL'n, trtln'nf . £y6'kun qa'vwft also. Again down they did it again, they say. She their tt't td6 qa'hlnl, trun'nf, "DS'nna nO'xOhla'nan," qa'hlnf, wife to her they said, they say, *Us do not look at," they said- trfin'nf. "£" 6," nnf, trun'nr. Tsan, tca'nqfttfMda'tl, they say. '^Yes, yes!" she said, they say. So they went out, iid'ot qbyfhl qwfttdo'iigfiqudfneto'n. Yitho'ftsftn te'gfi- at the also they closed it. And soon door huk'ga'dz qbyl'hl, trunnf, Mtcl'n qo'ttsun t6 ylThl nuqo'ihlnfq. also, they say, down from water with splashed, below lo Yi'tqoiyft'kft, trdn'nf, nihlk'a'glnthlne'k httk'gfdzft, trOn'rif. Upon that, they say, she made an opening a little one, they say. 5Ift0'ft q5nlhla'n, triin'nf. Tre^a'^ nftcfe't taq ntiqftditliyo'. Down she looked, they say. Lo, down bottom they were standing. Qle'ftkft trun'nf tfi'kft qudthldfhl. Tsan, tuko'n6qu(j6da'tl, Fish, they say, up (on they threw. So they came up, the bank) trfin'nf. Aqiqu'hltdtk qwfttdonqfttdftdatl, trfln'nl'. "GtlO, they say. And then they went into the house, they say. "Now, then, tcQneha'iq," qi'hlni, trun'nf. "Yitho'ftsu nftcrftu qdnl'nt- go out!" they said they say. "And down there look," to her, 15 hlJin,' qa'hlni, trun'nf. Tsan, tcuneyo', trun'nl'. Nftc6'ux6 they said they say. So then she went out, they say. Around to her, qonu^xuhla^n, qlfi^'uku lo'ft, tre^a^t, trun'nf. Tsan, qwut- she looked, fish many, lo, they say. So then she donfddiyo^ trun'nf . went in, they say. » See p. 74. Digitized by Google i89 Tsan aqSLqu'hltdflc, tsan tci gehlu^ku n6q6ta'uMt, q6yf hi Now, then, now also one year passed, and qu^hltdflc v6'x6srakai qutagtlu'', trun'nf. Tsan, qu'hltd!k, then with child she became, they say. And then tdre'de gitdti'xaiucJut xullii'k, trun'ni. hardly did she bear a poor thing, they say. child, Tsan, qai-y6'xw6-grtro''uluJl'^n. Tsan, vwti^nftqahlyu^ku. So then they took good care of And in the morning, (the child). 5 trun nf , yu'kd vwi th6'' gehlu'kftn, trdn'nf, ythltcft yd'kiin they say, he his father one, they say, took that tr6q5ne'gan k'grdzu, trun'nf, yiyfhl t^ata'diyo', trftn'nf. child little, they say, with him he went out, they say. Tsan, niS'fixO yAl kaida'iq, yiyfhl qdyfhl tcrdtcr dftila'n, And outside with walked, with him also wood he got, trOn'nf. Tsan, qihltsti'n nu'qune'u^6t, trtn'nt, ^qaqulilt- they say. And eveniDg it became, they say, and then dik yiyt'hl qwutdo'Mddiyo', trun'nf. YitholtsOn t'ranyi'- with him he came in, they say. And he took him lo nthltan, trun'nf, tre^a' q6zr6-tltce'n. Tukagdo. Tukagdo", out (of his they say, lo, changed. He sat up. He sat up, parka hood), trun'nf, kgoftdfikghusr. Tsan, qft'hltdlk, e'na(Hyo'n q6'- they say, he crept. And then grew larger a yurz, trftn nf. Vwu'nftquhlyft'kfttoq trftn'nf, n6o' qwfttdo'i little, they say. In the morning, they say, at the door, trOn'nf , vwinne't, trCinnf , gyftkha'dcJft tcoq dWAo'n, trftn'nf , they say, for him, they say, root big he placed, they say, aqaqft'hltdlk i yaqa'n^ft'dftk wA"?, trdn nf, vwQ'ndqdhlyft'- and then it he exercised with, they say, in the morning, 15 kdtoq, trdn'nf. they say. Tsan, qft'hltdik trdn nf, dnahlta'dft erg nftqota'dut, So, then they say, how many I do years passed, not know trftn'nf, qw6tdlga'hl trdn'nf, tdn, tci'fi v6'x5sraka'i-ntiq(itf- they say, at length they say also, again she conceived, Ctllu'\ trftn nf. Yitho'Itsft ahn trftn'nf, tc!n, tdre'dfi gft- they say. And him, they say, also, hardly she Digitized by Google dfi'xaiOJfit. Tsan ahn tci'fl tct, qaiy6'x For translation see p. 76. Digitized by Google 195 trftn'nf, aqaqd'hltdik trdn'nf, yft'kftn gantft'ciyo, trftn'nt'. they say, then, they say, he went out, they say. Nlnne^e trftn'nf, ntft'(Hyo. Up river they say, he went off. Qoiytfkti yit neyo', trftn'nf. GWitltto'n, trftn'nf, ntri- Afterward there he went, they say. He heard, they say, some dfldfhl hftk'd' trOn'nf. KMinX'dzt toq neyo', tftii qolf- one is as though, they say. Grass under he went, path beside, coming 5 k'O'dd, trfin'nl'. Yit ta^do', trftn'nl'. QoiyCi'kti, trftn'nf, they say. There he waited, they say. Afterward, they say, yfi'kCinn, trtin'nl', nti'qGdGdf'hl, gha'yftkgft qCitdela'n, they, they say, came, bears they were, trdn'nf. N6'q6q6n6'rhlyrhl, trfin'nf. Tsa'n, te'gS hClk'6*, they say. They were running, they say. So tl\en, here beside, trftn'n!', nft'qOttdOda'hl. Ydqho'tsft dfhl yta'n', trdn'nf, they say, they had come. AH blood only, they say, qaVwantsft', qaVwfi ^ot yKhl. Tsan, trOn'nf, yft'kOn, their noses, their mouths also. So, they say, he, lo trftn nf, fttda'ndidlnne'k nlnne'fttsft. Kai qwft'tsft t'ranciyo', they say, hurried up the river. Village toward he came, trftn'nf. Kai ftkhwft'l, tre^a't. Yitho'ttsfl 6'q6d6nni', they say. Village none, behold! And quickly, trfln'nl^ do^Intdiyok. Tre^a^ yCiqho^tsCi yft'q toq yftqho'tsO they say, he hastened. Lo, all houses among all no^Cingb'qdnlgCitCi'k, trOn'nf". Tsan, yOqho'tsfi de'nna dlhl broken down, they say. And, all men^s blood yfa'n', trCin'nl', y6'k6 trfi. Tsan, yfiqho'tsfi g6'q6qft'tdeft- every- they say, the path. So then all they had killed, where, 15 xotn. Yft'kft vi'axa ts6 GkO'dzG do'Wiyo. Yitho'ftsft, That brother cache upon went. And, trftn'nf, n6'qw6tftliyo', trfinnr, gha'yftkgft ^6? Si'kwSL, they say, he searched, they say, beards skin after, trftn'nt^; qwfttdlga^hl gftkftqaillyo' no^ftnyi'dothltcfg, gft x&i they say. At length he found it he brought it down, its teeth ylhl, tr6n nf. Aqaqft'hltdlq yitaoVq, trftn'nf. Yfi'kfinihlne'k, also, they say. Then he dressed it, they say. He finished, trftn'nt', ni'yidothltcr'9, trdn'nf. YGqho'tsG vwCigl'^de't, they say, he put it on, they say. Altogether it fitted him, Digitized by Google 196 trftn'nf . Vwdtgti'n ythl vw6 k'go'in ythl tigi&ld6t, trftn'nl', they say. Its legs also its anns also fitted him, they say, dahlKnnf ' vwft ^an q6yu'rz q6zro' qft'gftdfnA'xaidxdhl. Yit but its neck a little only was too small. It qoftnne' ntt'qwbtftliyo' tdn, tci'O glto'ddft hftk'dxailyo'. I for he tried to find, also scrap he found. It tct no'Gndo'fhltctc. Yftqho'tsft, trGn*ni', vwftgfdi^g't. Aqi- also he brought down. Just, they say, it fitted. Then 5 qft'hltdJk ni'yido'lhltct'g. Yi yft tcftneyo'. Yitho'rtsG kai be put it OD. It in he went out. And village qoxainno'dt ntdltlukgO'k, trdn'nf . Aq^qd'hltdtk, ta^iyo'. around he ran, they say. Then he went off* Yitho'ttsd kai qd'xwd'n' neyo'. Tre^a', yCi'kdnn ta'dq And village to he came. Lo, they river nft'qftdttliyo'. Qa'vwftxo'fdtO'kft tridtnneyo'. Td6 tcl'gtt- were standing in. Above them he went. His hood sd'xd yadzgClnlhlne'k. Tdft qw6'hlnt/ "Gl'lfi a'qiqfi'hltdlk he pushed up. To them he said, 'Now, then, 10 sItdetda'gQ si (Jo'qhlftxa'," nnl. «5Io getdi' st'-ylhl-kai- me also me kill ye!" he said. **For very me-with-village- qwftta'n to'qhoqxo'ln," nn!. AqJLqft'hltdirk gehld'kftn tsft lived you killed," he said. Then one to tritdltnneyo'. Yiyrhl tc6tft'qw6tW66'n\ QwGtdtga'hl gehlft'- he went. Together they fought. At length one kftn ^ttlftxa'n, trftn'nf. Yitho'ltsG gehlft'kftn, trftn nf, tcln, he killed, they say. And other, they say, also, yitho'ftsG qwftto^qhoxe'Gxorn. Aqaq6'hltd!k, t6'k6ta^yo'. and (so) he killed them. Then he went up. 15 Yitho'ltsG yft'kftt, tdoltdft' de'hlnt, ^Islo qa'vwfi tho'qhoxG'- And she, his sister he says **Well, them I have to her, sfixo'In," nnl. "Gl'lfi, nW(iqdigoxo(jrkan,' yl'hlnl. killed," he says. "Come, do not be sorry!" he says. Tsan, qft'hltt, trftn'nf, dnahlta'dd cr6 nb'qota'GcKit yit So, now, they say, how many I know years passed there not qddttltce' qono', «5lo ntasdo'thl," yl'hlnt. Yitho'ftsft de'hln!, they lived while, "Well, I will go," he said. And he said, "Enftce'tdd ni yd'q qwfito'fla'hldfl qwdlla'i." Yitho'Itsfi **Out then thy house where it will be for." And 1 For translation see p. 77. Digitized by Google 197 yO'kdn tc6'q6lokai agtlat, yitqo'no yO'kftn n6'k4ihlon tOq- he fox became, while the woman ge'dzr nila'n, trOn'nl'. De'loi toq qOneo^fts, yitho^'ltsft yftq mink was, they say. Mountains into they went, and house qftqd'tltse'n. UtdClho'ndlft6'n'. they made. Finis. 24. How THE Boys escaped.^ Sraka'i no'(ltc6n k gdgft'qftdahltdrq. O'qttqbyfhl kehlft'- Boys two were shooting arrows. And one 5 kftn vw6 k w5l vwftqa^cJOnd'q. Yitho'itsftn qaiya'kanOqo'l- his arrow was lost. And they searched for yftq, 6'q6q6yfhl yftq qfthltco'n, yitho'ttsdn td6'qsn qd'qft- it, and house they saw, and top they (Jfto'ts. Tre^a' niyft'q tco'6 tco'q ytt wSi'nkgydk ^thltcd'k. went There down bowl big in ice-cream was. (dual). Yitho'ltsftn' qwGtddqGneo'fts yitho'ftsftn' qaiyegb'qdthlt'gt. And they (two) went in and they sucked up what was in it. Aqaqft'hitdlk kehlft'kdn nokh&'gwi toq xaiyo', yitho'ttsft Then one stone under went, and 10 kehlCi'kftn td tfeo'thl toq xaiyo', yitho'Itsfl yit q6dftltg6'. other also pillow under went, and there they staid. 0q5q6yfhl noo'tdz ntr6'qddoIhItde'hI qwd'tdolnt'ddiyo. Then yonder some one stamped came in. 0q6q6yl'hl tgok ft khd" ^rhlki'iq. «Td6va' niyt't qOxfihl- And bowl her foot kicked. **Who your sucked contents t'e't?" yl'hlnl. "Aniyd'kagddg't kehlft'kdn nokha'gwi fto'q up?" she said. "Right down there is one stone under ^etdo'," yt'hlnl; "yitho'Itsft kehlCi'kftn td tggo'fhl toq (Jfitdo'," he is," she said; "and the other also pillow under is," 15 yfhlnt. Yitho'rtsft qbtftlnfl'k. Yitho'Itsft qai-yi-vwti't-ye'- she said. And she swallowed And they-her-belly-in- them. ditltge'. Oqbqbyfhl kehlfl'kCin ddka'^fta'i kgtdzt trftnl'hl- were. And one knife little took out * For translation see p. 98. Digitized by Google ton kehlG'kfin tcr k'wilhl kgtdzCi trflneCio'n. Aqiqft'hltdtk Other also whetstone little took out. Then qai-yi-tco't trfgftnlhlt'otg, yitho'ftsd t*ran6qaihltl6'q. they-her-belly cut open, and they jumped out. 25. Little-Hawk.^ Glhlfta'n ftgtcya'q qfttdftltg^'. Gl'hlosngi'llfti vwitsu'nftkai, Hawks in the shelter sat. Five children, of a spruce von ylhl to'nankehlft'kft. QGtdetsa'n'. Vwu'nftqfthlyd'kft mother also six. They were hungry. In the morning 5 qo'giQikk'Htztin* q6'qw6 tlen a^kwa k'wonfto'q. Tien Ion before sunrise for them mice after she flew. Mice many Ohljre'q, yitho^ttsft tdft ge'gfiCikai qo'xw6n yallya'iq, qb'qwb she caught, and her children by them she placed, for them crihlto'ilthltcrhl. "Gl'lO, wf'tsddoqetse'," yl'hlnl, yitho'ttsft she tore (them) in "Come, rejoice!" said she, and pieces. q6'qw6 gata^gtli, — for them she sang, — "Aiyuwo'ma yiika'iiiq ctk 10 Tcimii'qtiya'xya tatlie'myunu'k ka." Y&qgitsY nftft'kft d6tla'n clhlto'xG dfntgtbk, yitho'ltsft A Raven up spruce top of flew, and yi'tsG qftnnai'q. ^No gftsG qav6'x6eiMtro'rt,'' yfhlni. to her spoke. **Why, not do you love them," said he. rightly "K'wdQfe' qaihle'dzft hlKk yta'n' toqhe'hl qa'vwdtdenf ?" "Say, well dog only eat do you tell them?" yl'hlni. Wi'yeqodo'rdlnfii eyfi'kfi nd'kaihlon yi'tsftqfitf'dfflo', said he. Angry that female answered, 15 "fJtin qoftsftl! fii ge'geftkai hlfk yla'n' qdtohe'hl," yt'hlni; **You rascal! Your children dog only eat," said she; "si ge'geftkai gha'yftkgft yta'n' qfttohe'hl," yl'hlnt. Qbyr'hl "my children animals only eat," said she. And y6'qgttsi' nftft'kO qo'ftsftn' nie'ntgtbk, wiyeqodo^tdlnfn. Raven up from flew away again, angry. » For translation see p. 98. Digitized by Google 199 26. How THE Fox BECAME ReD.^ Tc6'q6lokai xaho'Ihl. Detsa'ntsOn xaho'fhl. Oqdqdyfhl A Fox was going Hungry he goes. And along. ftftO'n dfttsti'nftkgw&i von ylhl qbyfhl dlta'n Ihltgo'n. yonder goslings mother also with them [does] he saw. Ye'nftltikgo'k yitho'ttsftn, 6q6q6yfhl gata'ctlt. XOlltikgo'k He ran after also, and began to sing. He runs qono' gl'tdtllf, de'tsa'ntsOn. meanwhile he sings, being hungry. 5 "Nto'q fit tcrt'tdoutcri'u tle'du khat e'nastahl, "Soon thy breasi-boiie tender upon (?) I shall sleep, Nto'q nt tcrrtdoutcri'u tle'du khat e'nastahl/' Soon thy breast*bonc tender upon(?) I shall sleep." 6q6q6yfh\ t6 qaidla'ntda yik'o'dzdn t6'q6n6'xfthlyft. Thereupon water where there was in front of him they plunged in. Yo'xo!nn6'qai t6'6kavwo'n k wattd'giyo', wiyeqodo'Idlnfii. Close to edge of water he walked slowly, angry. Dft'rcakft'sr, e'dtt. Vwfi tcadlo'i q6zro' q6lltik'wu'hl. He became red, wholly. His end of tail only was white. 31. The Old Woman and the Singing Fish.* 10 T'ran s6'x6luk ^fetdo^ Utde'yia'n' ntt'xttnnfk fthlte't. Old dear there was. Alone she worked all the woman time. Sa'ntoq q6yl'hl ttgftltct'c, yitho'ftsft hli'akfi Ion t'JL'n; Summer-time also she fished, and fish plenty she had; yitho'itsfi yit'o'c tsftqdyfhl, doiyft'xOdlUa'iq tsdqbyi'hl, and she cut also, she hung them also, them yie'fikg^a'iq tsftqbyfhl, tso ye-yila'iq, kttdlnfdzft tso t'an she dried them also, cache she put them grass . cache she into, had tsdqdyfhl. Yitho'ftsft va'vd Ion t an, sidahltsfq tsftqbyfhl, also. And food plenty she had, she rejoiced also, 1 For translation see p. 99. ^ For translation see p. 102. Digitized by Google 200 va'vft Ion t'a'ntsftn. Qaiq tci nlnnb'qddttWt, yitho'ftstt food plenty haYiog. Winter also came, and gifhlvwa'rts tsftqbyfhl. Tgtin yia'n' tthlvwa'rts, yitho'no she cooked also. Bones only she boiled them, while (boUed) tdn vav6 loft t'an Innl''. •'Qaiq lgfde'natlxw6'hr fne'tt^fen. also food plenty she had even. ''Winter I shall be short,** she thought* Kw6tt6'x6toq qoya'n' nrgi'nftgtt'q, e'i ftqft'hltdik ftho'n Sometimes only she made ice- it then she ate cream, 5 kwfttt6'xdtoq. sometimes. Yitho'Ktsftn tdn, xfthlxa'tl, ya'dzCigfttldtdg, n6'x6drhl- And also, at dusk, she removed the cartain, she kindled khwdn'. Yitho'ftsd fa'ftkftnlglneo'n, yitho'Itsft gidvwa'rts, the fire. And she put (vessel) on the and cooked it, fire, de'yinrhlkhwd'n' yitho'ltsftn. "Gtlfi totto' i," tne'(xd6n. she dished it oat also. 'Now, then enongh that's," she thoaght. "Qwfttdo'ngfta'tltcic enastahl yitho'Itsftn," tae'ft^en. Yitho'- ''I will close the smoke-hole, I will go also,** she thought. And to bed lo itsft tdlfgft khwftn' ntdft'kfitsftn qwdtdft'xfthltda'tl. Yitho'ftsft her fire up (through the she threw. And smoke-hole) qwft'tsft ganfddiyo. D6'qsn qa^^yo qwfttdo'ngfnttiltdf. to it she went out. On top she went up, she put on the curtain. Qwfttdo'i noftnfddiyo, yitho'ftsft noftta'ft^ftt, gatoftgfe'hl Doorway she went over to, and stood, she expected to hear something hftk'ft'. Qaihle'dzft gWl'tltgon. Gi tsfi' qdyJlil qa'iyan- as if. Well, she listened. Her ears also she loosened (by putting fd'kdiyfhl. O'qdqbyfhl gldetfo'n. Garzrill6'ts6n qwddet- her fingers in And then she heard Some one singing she heard and then with- something, drawing them). 15 90'n qwfttdo^i nte'tlukgtik. Qwdtto'q-xaitrit wi'ye-de'nna- door she ran (into). Under (the shelf) she seized basin lo'Ci-k'a'ngftrthlta'xfi. Yi-ytt te xaifllhl. Td6 na' k'angftl- (wash-bowl). It in water she poured. Her face she washed, tan, tdft tge' ythl xaitfft'k, yitholtsd ft'tdft-k'a'nfte'dlnlk. her hair also she combed, and herself-she finished. Digitized by Google 20I fJrtfg'ftxft qa'iyftxainne'k. No^fthltdfcll trftnttilto'n, yi'yetrf- Out she reached. Work-bag she got, contents gdnelW de'imaftde'loi, hirakatdft^'ft yttil nryidoflyo'. she took out clothing, fish-skin parka also she put on. Yitho'ltsftn tc!n ga'niddiyo'. Nthlk'o'dzft tftqwft^tsftn garz- And also she went out. A short while some rfllf . Yitho'ltsdn qwfttdo'tnfddiyo. Doq do^nfiyo. Tga'ftq one And she went in. Shelf she went to. Sinew sung. 5 e'nafda'c yitho'Itsft yit 6xaidd6'' nttilk5Mz6-yu'rzftts6n. she spun and there she remained short time-very little, (on her fingers), Tci'6 cant'ddiyo. Tci6 gWt\it<;o'n. Yit-q6ya'n' qwft'tsft Again she went out. Again she listened. The same place from ga'rzrille'. Oqdqdyfhl t'ran tne'O^gn, «D6'nna crfi," Inft'd^gn. some one sung. And old thought, ''Man I wonder she thought. woman whether," (*I don't believe it is a man,") Yftq qottd6''6 tacJiyo'. Niyft'kft qdyfhl qonlhla'n, tfi'ftka- House below she went. Down also she looked, (at) the (downstream) vo'n, q6yKhl hli'akft k'gfdzft thltco'n, gftdtllS' xGllfi'q qoflo'. shore, and then fish little ' she saw, it sang it swam while. lo Tcfttcr fliltcft t6k4yrtlftxft'hl, yithoKtsft yftanfddiyo, yitho'- Stick she took she threw it out and went back, and upon the bank, rtsO qwfttdotnfddiyo'. Nrhlk'o'dzfi yit xaiddd", tcVti went into (the house). Short (time) there she staid, again Canl'ddiyo. Gyft'k'ft-db'qOdeftta'k. «D6'nna xftUe'-tcK," she went out. It was quiet. ''A man I supposed," (it must have been) lne'6*6n. Qw6tdo'Mddiyo' tdn, gy6'xaih6'n' yitho'Itsftn'. she thought. She went in also, she ate also. Vwinkgyfik ythl xfthlte't vwfttrevo'6dItlftdt'q yitho'Itsftn. Ice-cream also she sucked, she became lonesome also. 15 Ta^trft'q yitho'ftsftn, Ttlg6tdr6'x6da1lyo. She cried also, She went into the woods (conventional ending). Digitized by Google 202 32. The Grand-Daughter and the Beads.^ TVan vwft tco'i qedla^n, n6^kaihlon. Yitho^itsft yftq Old her grand- there was, a girl. And house woman child qftdftltce', etftnfl dflqftta'n tsftqdyt'hl 6tdtn(iqwfldoa